语法——从属结构.pptVIP

从属结构 概念 如果一个语法结构含有同一层次甚至高一层次的结构为其直接成分，这种现象叫做“从属”。例如： the man with a gun in his hand the man who was holding a gun in his hand 从属结构可以是词组（主要是介词词组），也可以是限定分句、非限定分句或无动词分句。 限定从属分句 限定从属分句就是以限定动词词组作谓语动词的从属分句。例如： What caused the fire is still a mystery. The man who did the robbery has been caught. Since the speaker can’t come, we’ll have to cancel the meeting. That 从句作补足语 That 从句也可以在系动词后作补足语，说明事实或想法。例如： My advice is that you should sell the car. The answer is simply that they aren’t interested in doing it. That 从句作宾语 That 从句最普通的用法是作某些动词的宾语。例如： He complained that his meal was cold. Evidence indicated that the experiments were unsuccessful. 少数几个介词后可以接 that 从句充当宾语，如 except that, but that, save that, in that： I prefer his plan to yours, in that his is more practical. We know nothing about her save that her surname is Jones. That 从句作同位语 同位语从句用于解释说明先行词的内容，通常由 that 引导，除此外还可用 whether, what 等疑问词。例如： We came to the decision that we must act at once. He made a proposal that the meeting be postponed. the fact that…是较常见的同位语结构，例如： The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everybody in the office. He was held responsible for the fact that his dog had bitten his neighbor. It is impossible to disguise the fact that business is bad. That 的省略问题 That 从句充当主语、补语、同位语时，一般不省略。That 从句充当宾语时，如果前面的动词为常用动词，that 往往可以省略，如果前面的动词为较正式、不常用的动词，that 不宜省略。例如： She said (that) she was feeling better. The judge held that the childs interests in this case must come first. 当一个句子有多个 that 从句充当宾语时，第一个 that 可以省略，但后面的 that 不能省略。例如： He told me (that) he would go fishing tomorrow afternoon and that he would invite Mary to go with him. Whether/if 从句 Whether/if 从句是由一般疑问句转化而来的间接问句，采用陈述句的语序。例如： She asked whether/if I could speak French. She didn’t say she’d go or stay at home. Tell me you like it or not. I am wondering or not we will get there in time. Tell me to do it. I didnt know to believe him or not . he will agree is another matter. It was uncer