（三）句子的心脏—谓语(时态、语态).pptxVIP

句子的心脏—谓语（时态、语态）课前早知道英语句子中最主要的成分就是主语和谓语。谓语由动词来承担，在句子当中承担谓语作用的动词叫做谓语动词。一个动作发生的时间或所处的状态要通过谓语动词的变化来体现，这种谓语动词变化的形式就是动词的时态。每个动词都有四种形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。不同的时态要用不同的动词形式。动词可以分为四类行为动词/实义动词 及物动词 不及物动词连系动词be, feel, look, taste, appear, become, keep, grow, seem, stay, turn, prove, get等 助动词 情态动词 及物动词特征后面必须跟宾语意思才能完整 例句He made a mistake.She sent me a present. 不及物动词特征本身意思完整，不需要跟宾语 例句The sun rises in the east.She started to cry when she knew she failed in the exam again. 连系动词特征不能独立作谓语，后面必须有表语 例句She is a kind person.The plan sounds wonderful.John looks like his father. 助动词特征跟动词原形或分词，帮助构成各种时态、语态和语气，帮助构成疑问句和否定句 例句He is reading now. (现在进行时)Mary will come tomorrow. (一般将来时)The car is made in China. (被动语态)If you had worked hard, you would have passed the exam. (虚拟语气)情态动词特征表示说话人对某事/物的态度，如：可能，应当，必须等。 例句He can swim. (能够)You may go home now. (许可)The work must be finished on time. (必须)He must be ill today. (推测) 一个动词属于哪一类并不是一成不变的 They are having a meeting.have是行为动词We have seen that film.have是助动词I always do my homework after supper.do是行为动词Do you know him?do是助动词He is reading now.is是助动词She is a kind person.is是连系动词The room needs to be cleaned.need是行为动词You needn’t leave now.need是情态动词观 念 入 门时态的意义时态的种类及形势如何运用时态时态与时间未必成一对一的关系时 态 的 意 义I watch television every day.I watched television every day.因时间之不同而形成之变化,即为动词之时态以“watch TV(看电视)”为例 The children watch TV every evening.一般现在时The children watched TV last evening.一般过去时The children will watch TV this evening.一般将来时The children are watching TV now.现在进行时The children were watching TV at 10 last night. 过去进行时They will be watching TV at 12:00 at noon.将来进行时The children have watched TV so far.现在完成时The children had watched TV before I got home. 过去完成时I knew John would watch TV that evening.过去将来时The children have been watching TV for the whole evening. 现在完成进行时The children will have watched TV when you come back. 一般将来完成时16种时态如 何 运 用 时 态 该动词发生的时间是过去?现在?或将来? 该动词的动作到某一点时间已经完成?或还在进行?时态与时间未必成一对一的关系(A)一般现在时的动词可以表示现在、过去或将来 ，如： He lives in Beijing now . [表示现在