超临界热电联产机组热经济学分析-动力工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 摘 要 I I 摘 要 目前，我国能源工业面临着巨大的节能降耗及环境保护压力，以燃煤机组为主 的电力行业仍存在着很大的节能潜力。与此同时，热电联产作为一种高效用能的形 式，逐渐得到了发展和应用。因此，合理评价热电联产机组的性能，是改善机组热 经济性，实现其运行优化、节能减排的必要途径。 本文应用热经济学中的结构理论和符号火用经济学的方法，以某 350MW 超临界 直接空冷热电联产机组为研究对象，建立了该机组的热经济学模型。选用较低集成 度，单独细化了机组的直接空冷部分、供热抽汽部分和锅炉子系统辅机部分，并分 析了其燃料、产品和组件性质,对热电联产机组进行了包括汽机子系统和锅炉子系 统在内的全面性能量系统热经济学分析。通过求解系统各组件的单位火用成本，对其 成本如何产生与构成的问题做出了定量分析，并研究了余热成本的产生和分配情 况。将改进的符号火用经济学方法求得的发电和供热的单位火用成本换算成相应的标准 煤耗，与其他热电分摊方法进行了比较，结果表明：本文使用的方法所得到的热电 分摊结果优于热量法和实际焓降法，体现了其热电分摊的合理性。本文从多角度分 析系统的火用成本，得到了不同分析方法下各组件产品火用成本和热经济学成本的组 成，评价了系统的生产性能和优化潜力，分析了余热和不可逆性对成本的影响，为 热经济学优化提供了参考依据。 关键词：热经济学；结构理论；符号火用经济学；热电联产；性能分析 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 II II Abstract At present, the energy industry of China is facing the increasing pressure on the environment, the power sector which is dominated by the coal-fired units has great potential for energy saving. At the same time, cogeneration has been widely applied in China as a way for efficient using of energy. So, reasonable evaluation of cogeneration units is necessary for improving the thermoeconomic performance, achieving optimal operation, and energy saving and emissions reduction. The structure theory and symbolic exergoeconomics method of thermoeconomics were applied to a 350MW supercritical direct air-cooled cogeneration unit in this thesis. The thermoeconomic model of the unit was established with a lower integration levelThe direct air-cooled part, theheating extraction part and the auxiliary subsystem of boiler were simplified, and the properties of fuels, products and components were analyzed respectively. A comprehensive thermoeconomic analysis of the energy system, which including the subsystems of turbine and boiler were carried out. The unit exergy costs of the components were calculated to analyze the formation process of cost quantificationally, and study the formation and distribution of residue cost. The unit exergy costs for generating electricity and heating obtained by the improved symbolic exergoeconomics method was conver