第7讲 信息的全球流动与通讯社事业 [1].pptVIP

第7讲 信息的全球流动与通讯社事业的成长 1500 人类历史切为两半。1500年之后，世界连为一体。 一、西方的殖民扩张与世界新闻市场的雏形初现 印刷机的全球扩散 1539，墨西哥 1581，秘鲁 1795，南非 1798，埃及 西方人在世界各地办报 1616，荷兰人在印度尼西亚办《活动追记》 1808，葡萄牙人在巴西办《里约热内卢公报》 1780，英国人在印度办《孟加拉公报》 1795，英国人在南非办《开普敦公报和非洲广知报》 西方殖民者的办报特点 国际间信息交流需求在上升 内容：从宗教出版物世俗出版物 资本的渗透 权利的主张 对资产阶级革命的推动 二、西方首批四大通讯社的由来及其国际化 在电子媒体出现以前，通讯社是维系世界新闻市场循环的主要方式 通讯社的专门化与标准化 社会与技术背景 工业革命之后 统一的世界新闻市场出现 巨大的信息需求，报业自身无力满足 技术：电报 The dominant news agencies emerge Expanding international trade, colonisation, wars aroused interest in news Four major private news agencies or “wire services” emerged by 1851 哈瓦斯社（1835－1940） the worlds oldest established news agency, founded in 1835 by Charles-Louis Havas, the father of global journalism. 1852 Agence Havas sets up a dedicated advertising branch. 1940 In November, legislation forces the split of the advertising and newsgathering operations of Agence Havas. The newsgathering operation, now owned by the State, becomes the Office Fran?ais dInformation (OFI, or French Information Office). 沃尔夫社（1949－1933） 创办人伯纳德?沃尔夫 1865，为政府控制，改组为公司 路透社（1851－ ） 创办人路透（1816－1889） Paul Julius Reuter, the founder of Reuters, the world news and information organisation. Before Paul Julius Reuter died , he built a world-wide reputation for competence and truthfulness in news. 1850 Reuter running a news agency in Aachen. Agreement (24 April) with Heinrich Geller to supply pigeons for service between Brussels and Aachen. Agency operated for over a year, until telegraph gap closed. 1851 The Reuters arrive in London. Reuter set up office in two rooms at I Royal Exchange Buildings, London. Cross-Channel submarine telegraph began operating. 1858 Reuter began to supply daily news to London papers. 1865 Reuters Telegram Company registered as a public limited company. 1883 Memo Reuter sent a briefing note to his agents and correspondents requesting them to report: fires, explosions, floods, inundations, railway accidents, destructive storms, earthquakes, shipwrecks attended with loss