第10讲 两次世界大战期间的新闻宣 [1].pptVIP

第10讲 两次世界大战期间的新闻宣传 一、十月革命与苏联媒介体系的建立 布尔什维克报刊 《工人报》 《火星报》（Sparks） 《真理报》 列宁的报刊思想 集体的宣传者、鼓动者、组织者 党性 群众性 真实性 公开性 LENIN AND THE BOLSHEVIKS The Bolsheviks are COMMUNIST REVOLUTIONARIES Their slogan is: PEACE, BREAD, LAND, ALL POWER TO THE SOVIETS CHAOS The Russian Army is heavily defeated by the Germans Russian soldiers mutiny Peasants seize more land and attack landowners Workers strike General Kornilov leads an army to end the revolution and restore the Tsar He is defeated by workers’ and peasant militia led by the Bolsheviks “10 DAYS THAT SHOOK THE WORLD” The Bolsheviks decide to seize power in October 1917 Leon Trotsky organise a Military Revolutionary Committee The revolution starts with the storming of the Winter Palace in Petrograd THE CIVIL WAR Russia is declared the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics – the world’s first workers’ state The Communist International is formed Socialist revolutions in the rest of the world fail “Red Terror” is introduced For three years the Reds fight the Whites Russia is invaded by 14 foreign armies The Reds win Russia is reduced to poverty and starvation Petrograd Soviet A soviet is a workers council – previous soviets had been set up during the 1905 Revolution. The Soviet saw itself initially as a watchdog for the workers. Soviets spread throughout Russia. Enjoyed more credibility, popularity and power than the Provisional Government. Was able to restrain the government – for example had ultimate control over the Armed forces with ‘Soviet Order Number 1’. THE RISE OF STALIN In 1924 Lenin dies A power struggle develops between Stalin and Trotsky Trotsky wants world revolution Stalin wants “socialism in one country” Stalin wins – Trotsky goes into exile and is eventually murdered “The gravedigger of the revolution” starts to change the Soviet Union STALIN Stalin as Leader of all People Stalin… killed 40 million of his own people… 苏联社会主义新闻事业的建立 统一报刊网的形成：金字塔 广播事业的萌芽 通讯社 社会主义新闻理论 工具论 什么是专业主义？ 自治 独特的职业规范 公共服务取向 苏联新闻模式 一元化领导 非营利性 呆板 二、