城市立交桥的空间有限元分析-桥梁与隧道工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 城市立交桥多股匝道交汇处的块体属异形结构，应力状况复杂，是该种桥梁结 构设计中受力状况难以把握的部位，运用常规的平面杆系有限元分析方法是不能得 到正确结果的，必须采用空间分析方法进行三维受力分析。本文以广州某立交桥为 背景工程，分析了该桥的异型块结构在多种工况下的受力特性。 本文使用有限元软件建立了梁格模型和板壳有限元模型。通过对比在各种工况 下两种计算模型分析结果，发现应力大小和挠度值都比较接近，进而验证了本文所 选的几何模型、力学模型和数学模型的正确性，同时也说明了梁格法可以运用于工 程实践，具有一定的可信度。本文指出，利用梁格法计算的结果在正弯矩区相对于 板壳有限元计算结果均稍大，而且梁格法只能用于整体结构的计算，无法考虑剪力 滞、畸变的影响，必须借助于传统的解析方法或者三维有限元方法进行验证。另外， 空间分析中预应力的施加是一个难点。本文在板壳有限元模型中采用曲面切割法解 决了预应力施加的模拟问题。 文章采用了子模型方法对异形梁的分叉部位进行了应力分析。该方法是先对整 体结构实施较粗的单元划分，将计算出异形梁边界的应力应变条件，然后对此部位 实施细致的单元划分，单独对此部位进行计算，从而明显地节省了计算机资源。通 过对局部进行分析，得到了分叉部位的详细应力分布状况，为此处的配筋提出了有 效的依据。 文章还对立交桥设计中另一关键问题——曲线梁单铰支座预偏心值的确定方法 进行了探讨。通过确定优化目标，设置优化条件，提出了基于 ANSYS 平台的针对支 座预偏心值进行优化的方法，并且通过算例进行了验证。 关键词：异形梁; 梁格法; 子模型; 板壳有限元; 偏心优化 Abstract The intersectional part of multi-ramp grade separation bridge has an irregular shape. The stress condition in this part is complicated, which causes the difficulty in the design of this kind of bridge. The conventional finite element method of plane frame can not reach proper result therefore spatial finite element method has to be applied. Taken a real grade separation bridge in Guangzhou, mechanic properties under sorts of is irregular shape beam were analyzed. The finite element model based on grillage and shell-meshed method are both established. The analytical results of stress and deflection from the two methods are closed to each other, which verify the validity of the model of geometry, mathematics and mechanics. Meanwhile it is demonstrated that the grillage method avails in engineering with trusty. It is also concluded in this thesis that the values resulted from the grillage method in the sagging moment region are slightly larger than those from the shell-meshed method. Because of its incapability in taking account of the effect of shear slag and deformity, the grillage method may be only used successfully in the overall structure analysis and should be aided by analytical, shell-meshed or 3-D finite element method for better results thorough comparison. I