从道德角度看中国死刑的发展-伦理学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 从摇篮到坟墓乃人生之两极，故死为人生所终。然死法多种不尽相同其或 重于泰山或轻于鸿毛，而最不体面的死法可能就是被执行死刑。死刑亦称极刑， 作为最古老最残酷的刑种，它是对犯有最严重罪行的人的一种终极性处罚措施。 它是一个刑法问题，也是一个广为公众所关注的社会问题，更是一个需要我们 从多角度（如从道德角度等）去面对并认真思考的问题。本文正是着重从人权、 正义以及人道主义和功利主义等道德角度并紧紧围绕自古以来便业已存在着的 死刑存废之争（通过对死刑存置论的代表人物康德、黑格尔、洛克、卢梭等， 以及死刑废止论的典型代表贝卡利亚、边沁等人思想观念的把握并结合中国社 会的现状，在本文中笔者主张中国应走死刑废止之路，并提出废止死刑的个人 见解及其具体构想。此处值得一提的是，在本文正式结稿之前巧适 11 届人大常 委会 19 次会议审议通过了《中华人民共和国刑法》修正案八，这是 31 年以来 我国《刑法》最大规模的修改。其中废除了包括盗窃罪在内的 13 个经济性、非 暴力犯罪的死刑，使得 97《刑法》中原本规定为 68 个可判死刑的罪名减少为 55 个。这可谓是在中国完全废除死刑的一个良好开端。更坚定了笔者主张在中 国废除死刑的信念）来以全新的眼光审视死刑（尤以中国死刑制度为例）展开 其在中国伦理化进程的探讨。 关键词: 死刑论；存废论；人道主义；正义；构想 Abstract From the cradle to the tomb is beginning and end of human being’s life , so the death is the end of life. But there are many kinds of ways to die, they are either heavier than Mount Tai or lighter and more insignificant than the feather of the wild goose, however, all of them, the most indecent one may be executed into death. Death penalty is also called the capital punishment, as the most ancient and cruel penalty breed, it is a terminal measure to those who committed the most serious crimes. It is not only a problem of the criminal law but also a problem of the society, which is being paid attention wide by the public and above all it is a problem for us to face with and to consider carefully from many different aspects(such as morality and etc.). This thesis is mainly set off into discussion of death penalty ,going it over in completely new eyes( Especially taking the system of China’s death penalty for example) ,from the one of morality such as human rights, justice, humanitarianism and utilitarianism , centering tightly on the controversy about the death penalty existed or abolished ,which had been existed from ancient times(In this thesis ,I insist that China should go the way to abolish the death penalty by having a good command of the thinking of Kant, Hegel, Locke and Rousseau, who are representatives to advocate to reserve the death penalty and the typical ones who advoc