儿童复杂性肺炎旁胸腔积液相关因素分析-儿科学专业论文.docxVIP

目 录 中文摘要············································································································1 英文摘要············································································································4 英文缩写············································································································7 研究论文 儿童复杂性肺炎旁胸腔积液特点分析 前言············································································································8 材料与方法································································································9 结果··········································································································13 附图··········································································································16 附表··········································································································17 讨论··········································································································19 结论··········································································································23 参考文献··································································································24 综述 肺炎旁胸腔积液诊治进展··································································29 致谢··················································································································42 个人简历··········································································································43 儿童复杂性肺炎旁胸腔积液特点分析 摘 要 目的：社区获得性肺炎（community-acquired pneumonia, CAP）常发 生于儿童。在欧洲及北美地区，5 岁以下儿童 CAP 患病率可达 4%。一些地 区因肺炎住院的儿童比例甚至达到 20%。其中，约 53%以上因肺炎住院的 患儿可能伴有肺炎旁胸腔积液、积脓症、肺坏死及肺脓肿等并发症。肺炎 旁胸腔积液指由渗出性肺炎、肺脓肿及肺不张等疾病引起的胸腔积液，也 称为类肺炎性胸腔积液。一般情况下，肺炎旁胸腔积液患儿通过常规且适 宜的抗生素治疗即可得到治愈，称为非复杂性肺炎旁胸腔积液，此外仍有 10%左右的肺炎旁胸腔积液患儿需通过多次胸腔穿刺、胸腔闭式引流甚至 外科手术干预才能得到治愈，即复杂性肺炎旁胸腔积液。复杂性肺炎旁胸 腔积液的发生不仅增加了患儿的痛苦，造成患儿死亡率的升高，还加重了 患儿家庭的经济负担。因此,复杂性肺炎旁胸腔积液的早期发现对于采取 及时且恰当有效的措施、减少患儿并发症及死亡率、减轻患儿家庭经济负