方幂幂等元与广义Cayley图-基础数学专业论文.docxVIP

本文我们主要做了两项工作, 第一项工作研究了(n, m)-半群中的军等元与方军军等 元; 第二项工作研究了一些半群类的广义Cayley图. 具体如下: 1. 我们在(n, m)-半群中引入方军的概念, 定义了军等元和方军军等元, 建立了指数 定律, 确立了军等元和方军军等元的关系, 给出了(n, m)-群的军等元及方军军等元的充 分必要条件, 然后证明了强可逆E-(n, m)-半群的方军军等元的集合构成一个理想. 所有 这些推广了二元半群及n元半群的有关概念和结果. 2. 我们首先刻画满足条件x2y = xy = xy2 (?x, y ∈ S)的半群S所构成的半群类的 广义Cayley图, 然后进一步刻画满足上述条件的半群族的0-直井的广义Cayley图. 此外, 我们还刻画了满足上述两个等式之一的半群类的广义Cayley图. 关键词 (n, m)-半群; 军等元; 方军军等元; 广义Cayley图 i In this paper, we study idempotents and potents of (n, m)-semigroups and gener- alized Cayley graphs of a class of semigroups. First, we introduce the definition of the power of an (n, m)-semigroup, then give the concept of the idempotents and potents of an (n, m)-semigroup, establish the corre- sponding exponential law, and describe the relation between idempotents and potents. We then give some necessary and sufficient conditions for an element of an (n, m)-group to be idempotent and potent, respectively and also prove that the set of all potents of strongly reversible E-(n, m)-semigroup is an ideal. All these generalize the correspond- ing notions and results for usual binary and n-ary semigroups. Second, for a class of semigroups S which satisfies the condition x2y = xy = xy2(?x, y ∈ S), we describe their generalized Cayley graphs, and further give the gener- alized Cayley graphs of a 0-direct union of such semigroups. What’s more, we describe the generalized Cayley graphs of classes of semigroups satisfying one of the above two equations. Keywords (n, m)-semigroup; idempotent; potent; generalized Cayley graph ii 目 录 摘要 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i ii 1 引言以及预备知识 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 半群的基本概念 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .