二维准直光管系统数据采集及处理技术的研究-仪器科学与技术专业论文.docx

摘 要 自准直仪(又称自准直测微平行光管)是应用自准直原理测量微小角度的检 测仪器。它是将被测件上反射镜旋转角度的变化转换成自准直仪接收器件上的 线量变化，通过检测线量变化间接检测出反射面微小角度变化。自准直仪按测 量维数可分为一维和二维两种，二维自准直仪可同时测量两个方向的微小角度 变化量。作为最常用的小角度精密测量仪器，自准直仪是精密测量、仪器制造 等相关科研、计量部门必不可少的检测设备，也是精密机械工程中安装、检 查、调整的重要工具。 目前国内的高精度自准直仪多为一维测量且存在测量范围小，智能化程度 低等缺点。为了改变国内自准直测量系统的现状，本课题对高精度、大量程、 便携式的光电自准直仪进行了研究，设计了采用双线阵 CCD 作为光电探测器， 采用 CPLD 可编程逻辑器件进行驱动，利用 DSP 芯片对数据进行采集和后期处 理以及用 LCD 显示的光电自准直系统。研究内容主要包括：仪器的光学系统、 硬件电路、系统软件设计、调试及实验验证。 硬件电路部分采用 CPLD 实现双线阵 CCD 同步驱动，并且设计了 CCD 输 出信号的调理电路和 DSP 的双通道高速采集、处理及显示电路。通过实验实现 了利用 DSP 芯片对数据进行高速采集、处理、显示及按键控制的便携式系统。 软件设计中，对线阵 CCD 上成像位置提取的算法进行了研究，选择了重心 法对采到的信号进行中心提取的处理方法，保证了系统实现亚像素细分高精度 测量，同时完成了直线度、角度测量算法的研究和对 LCD 的驱动。 关键词：自准直仪；线阵 CCD；CPLD；DSP Abstract Auto-collimator is a measuring and testing instrument which utilizes the principle of auto-collimation to measure small angle. It converts rotation angular change of reflector on measured construct to the linear change of receiver, and measures mini angular change of reflecting surface through measuring the linear change. Auto-collimator can be devided into single-dimension and two-dimension according measuring dimensionality. As a small angle precise measurement, it commonly used in research, metering, and plaied the important role in installing, checking, adjusting in precise mechanical engineering. In order to resolve the problem at present that most of the domestic auto- collimators are just competent for only one dimensional angle with small measuring scope and low intelligence. And those instruments most too heavy to take to special working site. A high precision mobile auto-collimator with wide range was researched in this paper. And, an auto-collimator system with dual linear-array CCD was designed, which used DSP to accomplish data acquisition and later processing and LCD to show auto-collimator system. The research work mainly involved in designation, installation, debug and final verification of optical system, hardware sircuit, software system. In hardware circuit, a method to desig