从认知视角分析澳大利亚英语词汇的意义外国语言学与应用语言学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 澳大利亚英语是一门具有多元化特征的语言。它是基于 18 世纪的英国英语，并借 用土著语、美国英语以及来自不同文化背景的移民语言而衍生出的一种重要的地域性英 语变体。英语在离开母国英国来到地理环境、社会文化全然不同的澳大利亚之后，置于 新环境中的语言便发生了变化。新的词汇和新词义大量涌现,反映了澳大利亚的自然风 貌和社会特征。因此，就出现了较多关于澳大利亚英语词汇的研究，这些研究大多从社 会和文化的角度探讨澳大利亚英语词汇,而从认知的视角对澳大利亚英语词汇的研究相 对较少。鉴于此，本文以《麦夸里英汉双解词典》和《澳大利亚英语词汇专论》为语料， 从中选取与澳大利亚社会文化生活密切相关的词汇，如囚犯、羊、淘金及动植物等词汇 作为研究对象，运用认知语言学中的隐喻、转喻和范畴层次等理论对这些词汇的意义进 行研究，力求对其形成的认知机制进行探讨。通过对语料的分析，本研究发现：（1） 澳大利亚英语词汇中的新义词和新造词的产生与隐喻和转喻思维密切相关。其中，有些 词汇意义的变化是通过隐喻机制实现的；有些是通过转喻机制实现的；还有些是通过隐 喻和转喻的共同作用实现的。（2）通过把两个或多个不同范畴层次的概念结合起来， 澳大利亚英语中产生了大量用于命名动植物的复合词。其中，有些复合词是概念的简单 组合，有些是在隐喻和转喻机制作用下的概念融合。我们认为，本研究有助于人们对澳 大利亚英语词汇的理解，从而更好地了解澳大利亚的历史文化，解读澳大利亚的文学作 品，对提高跨文化交际能力也有一定的作用。 关键词：澳大利亚英语；词汇意义；认知隐喻；认知转喻；范畴层次 Abstract Having developed from the eighteenth-century British English and borrowed a large number of words from Aboriginal languages, American English and other immigrant languages, Australian English is a diversified language and an important regional variety of British English. British English has undergone a great change since it left its motherland and came to Australia, a country totally different from Britain in the natural environment and social culture. Large quantities of new words and new lexical meanings have sprung up, which show the natural environment and social culture that are unique to Australia. Some studies of Australian English lexicon have been conducted and most of them focus mainly on social and cultural factors, while little attention is paid to the cognitive study of Australian English lexicon. Therefore, the present study is carried out in terms of the lexical meanings in Australian English and aims to investigate the cognitive mechanisms in the meaning construction. The linguistic data in this thesis come from Macquarie English-Chinese Bilingual Dictionary(1999) and Yao Jianpeng?s book on Australian English Lexicon(2009), including words related to convicts, sheep, gold mining as well as animals and plants, and these words are closely connected with social culture and da