城市退休老年人社会角色调适的社会工作介入研究——基于活动理论视角-社会工作专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 摘 要 我国从 20 世纪 90 年代末就进入了老年型社会，伴随着中国经济的持续快速发展， 人们的精神生活和物质生活水平都有了明显的提高，但是随着老年人口比例的大幅度上 升，高龄化速度加快，我国的人口老龄化问题面临重大的挑战。与此同时，城市退休老 年人随着从工作岗位上退了下了来，从职业角色转变成休闲角色，一些退休老年人出现 了生理、心理各种问题。针对这些问题，作为社会工作者，如何让他们更好的适应角色 的转变，以乐观积极的心态面对问题，重新燃起对生活的激情和乐趣，是需要认真思考 的问题。 本文通过阅读大量的资料文献，对城市退休老年人社会角色失调问题进行了深入的 分析，从老年人自身原因和外部原因两个方面进行了分析。笔者认为，从老年人自身原 因出发主要有：老年人心理调节能力差、自我认知不足、身体机能下降、经济水平和社 会地位的下降、交往能力差、社会参与程度低等原因。从老年人生活的外部原因出发主 要有：社会对老年人的保障机制不健全造成的，这里面有政府的原因、家庭的原因、社 区的原因等。除此之外，针对这些原因做了相应的对策分析。 为了突出社会工作专业的实践价值，笔者以保定市个案 A 为例，通过对案主 A 的 深入接触，运用参与观察和无结构访谈的研究方法，严格按照建立专业关系、收集资料、 评估和分析问题、制定计划、实施计划、评估结果、结案的流程，对案主 A 出现的问题 进行了社会工作介入，帮助案主 A 更好的适应全新的社会角色。 关键词 城市老年人 社会角色调适 社会工作介入 Abstract Abstract With the sustained and rapid development of China’s economy, people’s spiritual and material life has improved significantly, but the proportion of the elderly population also increased, the problem of population aging in China is facing serious challenges.On the other side, when older people retired from the workplace, they shifted their roles from professional roles into casual roles, therefore a number of retired older people have some physiological and psychological problems. To solve these problems, as a social worker, how to make them adapt to the changing role better, with an optimistic and positive attitude to face the problem, to rekindle the passion and fun of the life, is a problem that we need to think hard. In this article, through reading a large number of references, the retired older people’s social role imbalance problem carried on the thorough analysis, from two aspects of the elderly themselves causes and external causes are analyzed. The author thinks that, from the elderly themselves mainly include: the elderly poor psychological adjustment ability, lack of self-knowledge, body function decline, economic level and social status of drop, poor communication skills, low level of social participation. Starting from the external causes of the elderly life mainly include: social guarantee mechanism