发动机进气道数值模拟与优化设计-动力工程专业论文.docx

发动机进气道数值模拟与优化设计 摘要 进气道在发动机中扮演着重要的角色，内燃机缸内空气充量大小及形成涡流的强弱 直接与其结构相关，所以其结构影响着气缸内燃油的燃烧状况，进而关系到发动机的动 力性、经济性及排放性能。经验设计与稳流试验相结合的传统方法已经满足不了人们要 求。而且传统方法研制周期较长、成本高，并且很难得到理想方案。采用数值模拟的方 法来研究进气道进气状况可以直观明了的得出进气过程进气道及缸内的流动特性，为进 气道性能分析、评价和优化设计提供方法和依据。 本文利用 CAD 软件对进气道进行三维实体建模，使用气道稳流试验数据设置数值 模拟计算的边界条件，借助软件 AVL Fire 对 5 个不同气门升程下进气道的流动特性进行 分析研究，揭示某发动机进气道及缸内的流动特性，得出各升程下气体流动的流线图、 湍动能、速度等值线图及流量系数和涡流比。通过对进气流动流场各个参数图的分析研 究，找出了气道中不合理的部位，并且提出了相应的气道优化措施，再次进行了数值模 拟计算。结果表明，优化设计后的进气道结构进气流量系数得到明显提高，进气流动状 态也得到了很好的改善。 本文将流场分析结果直接应用于指导发动机的进气气道改进中，达到周期性短、降 低开发成本的效果，合乎内燃机飞速发展的现状，极具现实意义。 关键字：汽车发动机；进气道；CFD；三维数值模拟；优化设计 Numerical Simulation and Optimization Design of the Engine Intake Port Abstract Intake port is the important component of the engine intake port system, the structure of intake port directly affects the quantity of fresh air and the strength of swirl in cylinder， which is directly related to the in-cylinder combustion，thus affecting the power, economy and emission performance of the engine. Traditional intake port design based mainly on experience design and steady flow test methods. Which method needs a long developing period, higher cost. Moreover is hard to be an ideal scheme. Using the method of 3D numerical simulation to research on intake port, and these diagrams can intuitively show the flow characteristic in the intake port and the cylinder and then provides methods and foundations for the performance optimization, evaluation and re-design of the intake port. In this paper, it uses CAD software for intake port modeling of 3D solid, we use AVL Fire to analyze the flow characteristic in intake port under 4 different valve lifts, in order to indicate the flow characteristic in the intake port and the cylinder of an engine. Obtaining the streamlined diagram, turbulence kinetic energy contour, velocity contour and flow coefficient and paddle wheel of the gas flow under different valve lifts. Through the analysis of flow field, found the intake port unreasonable position and the methods t