城乡公共客运的线路运行组织分析与优化-交通运输工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 推动城乡公共客运一体化是实现城乡道路客运基本公共服务均等化的重要举措。但 是由于城乡长期的二元结构和道路客运管理体制的分割，当前我国城乡公共客运一体化 发展中还存在许多急需解决的问题，主要集中在线网布局、站点设置、车辆配置、运营 组织等几个方面。其中，线路运行组织问题尤为突出，主要表现在运行模式单一、线路 设计不科学、运行参数设置不合理等。因此，本文对线路运行组织优化问题进行研究。 本文的线路运行组织优化主要是从运行模式、运行线路设计和运行参数三个方面出 发，通过线性规划的方法建立模型进行研究。首先，考虑实现城乡公共服务均等化，最 大限度满足城乡居民出行是城乡客运一体化的基本宗旨，论文以用户效用损失最小为目 标建立目标函数。其次，考虑到线路运行组织受到运行模式、运行线路设计和运行参数 三者的共同作用，同时要保证运营者收益，论文将运行模式、运行线路和运营者收益作 为约束条件。最后整理目标函数和约束条件，建立线路运行组织优化模型。 为了验证模型的合理性，以某县为例进行实证研究，将其运行模式和运行线路的组 合方案分为放射型全公交化模式、单线型全公交化模式、放射型公交和班车衔接模式、 单线型公交和班车衔接模式四种。计算得出，放射型全公交化模式的用户效用损失最小， 是最优的线路运行组织方案。通过敏感性分析得出，运营者利益约束下，用户效用损失 受客流量和用户时间价值变化的影响较大，而发车间隔主要受客流量变化的影响较大， 需要对运行模式和运行线路在具体情况下进行科学选择。 关键词：城乡公共客运、线路运行组织、非线性规划、用户效用损失、粒子群算法 i Abstract Promoting the integration of urban and rural public passenger transport is an important measure to achieve the equalization of basic public services of road passenger transport in urban and rural areas. However, due to the long-term urban-rural dual structure and segmentation of road passenger transport management system, some problems focused several aspects like line network layout, site settings, vehicle configuration, operation organizations. Among them, the problem of line operation organization is particularly prominent, mainly in single run mode, circuit design unscientific, irrational set of operating parameters. Therefore, this article studied the problem of optimization of line operation organization. Based on the three aspects of the operation mode, run lines, the operating parameters, this paper established the model of linear programming to study. First, considering the equalization of public services, the basic purpose of the integration of transport to best meet passenger in urban and rural areas, the paper established objective function with the goal of minimizing the user’s utility loss. Considering the user’s utility loss affected by running mode, the circuit design and operating parameters, while ensuring operators gain, the paper took run mode, running lines and oper