城市区域似大地水准面精化与应用研究-测绘工程专业论文.docxVIP

Study on the Refining and Applying of the Regional Quasi-geoid in the unban A Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of Master Candidate：Li Guopeng Supervisor：Zhang Qin Zhang Qingtao Chang’an University, Xi’an, China 摘 要 随着城市经济的快速发展，厘米级似大地水准面已成为现代测绘，尤其是空间 技术和信息化服务所必需的基本条件。利用多源化数据，结合先进的现代地球重力 场理论与方法，确立高精度、高分辨率的城市区域似大地水准面，并将其成果转化 为生产力，具有十分重要的经济与科学意义。 本文首先讨论了国内外（似）大地水准面的发展状况，并系统讲述了高程系统 及基准面。随后，分析了 GPS/水准拟合方法中存在的问题，重点对利用重力方法确 立似大地水准面的理论和方法进行了分析。并对重力基准、重力数据处理以及最终 似大地水准面的确立进行了说明与实例分析，得出了一些有意义的结论。 另外，根据当前的生产实践需要，对似大地水准面的成果应用进行了相应的研 究。研制了似大地水准面和坐标转换的计算软件。结合 CORS 综合服务系统，提出 了似大地水准面成果的应用服务扩展。从而，使得用户在外业作业时，可直接利用 PDA 所加载的似大地水准面模型实现由 GPS 测得的大地高向水准高的直接转换，实 现 GPS RTK 与似大地水准面模型的有效结合。或者，用户通过网络连接，登录相关 服务系统，进行转换计算，从而满足 GPS 用户实时获取水准高程的需求。 关键词：高程系统; GPS／水准; 似大地水准面; 基准面; 重力法; 应用服务扩展; RTK; 实时 i Abstract With the rapid economic development of the city，the Quasi-geoid with a precision at centimeter level has become the necessary conditions of the modern surveying and mapping, especially in space technology and information services. It has important economic and scientific significance, to establish the urban-regional quasi-geoid and make the achievements into productivity with multi-source data, modern theories and methods the of determining the Earths gravitational field. In this paper, the development of Quasi-geoid at home and abroad has firstly discussed. Then, the relations between elevation system and datum plane are introduced systematically. Subsequently, as there exists many deficiency in traditional methods of GPS-leveling, the author analyses it, and mainly studied the theories and methods of establishing the quasi-geoid with the gravity. Furthemore，with the specific examples and analysis, the gravity datum, the data processing and the method establishing the final quasi-geoid are compared, thus obtaining some significant conclusions. Moreover, integrating the need of production, it has been researched to the applications of the quasi-geoid’s findings. Study the software