城市生活垃圾催化热解的实验分析-能源环境工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 近年来，由于世界能源、资源日益紧张以及各种垃圾资源化利用方法的出现， 城市垃圾已从单纯收集、运输、处理、填埋的狭窄概念转向抑制垃圾生产、提高垃 圾资源化利用率上来。城市垃圾作为一种资源被开发利用已是大势所趋。本文通过 介绍国内外的垃圾处理现状，比较填埋法、堆肥法、焚烧法、热解法等的优缺点， 显示出垃圾热解技术具有二次污染小，无害化彻底，资源化程度高的特点，将是垃 圾处理的重要方向，正引起世界各国研究者的广泛重视。然而目前对垃圾的热解特 性还缺乏深入的了解，而且城市生活垃圾成分复杂多样，给垃圾热解带来诸多问题。 本研究使用自行设计和制造的、旨在模拟工业化实际设备中热解特性的小型可 连续进料的外热式催化热解实验装置，以城市生活垃圾为实验物料，进行了大量的 实验研究，考察了一些主要参数变量，如温度（600℃～900℃）、物料的组分、加 热方式、水蒸气以及白云石催化剂对热解结果的影响，分析了城市生活垃圾外热式 热解在不同工况下的产物分布情况、产气特性、热解气体性质、热解焦油以及热解 残留半焦的特性。实验结果表明，热解气的产量、成分含量和热值，均随热解温度 呈现一定的变化规律，在设定温度为 600℃～900℃的范围内，产气量不断上升，其 热值先升高后降低，热解溶液产率和半焦产率则呈下降趋势；热解气体主要成分为 H2、CO、CH4 和 CO2，随热解温度的升高，H2 和 CO 的含量增加，CH4 和 CO2 的 含量减少；快加热方式比慢加热方式更有利于垃圾的热解产气；水蒸汽的通入能明 显提高产气量和 CO、H2 的含量；白云石能明显提高产气量和 CO、H2 的含量，并 降低焦油的含量，具有较好的催化效果。 关键词：城市生活垃圾 清洁能源 催化热解 白云石 热解特性 Abstract Owing to the shortage of energy and resources all over the world and the emergence of different utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW), in recent years, the traditional waste disposal such as simple collection and direct burying have been gradually substituted by some new methods which not only can restrain the yield of trash but also can effectively utilize waste as one kind of resource. By introducing the domestic and overseas disposal status of MSW, and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of some disposal methods, such as landfill, compost, incineration and pyrolysis, it is proved that the pyrolysis technology is one of the most important MSW disposal technics with little secondary pollution, quite innocuity and high reusability. For lack of research on pyrolysis characteristics, many pyrolysis systems of MSW are operated under non-optional conditions. To simulate the pyrolysis characteristics of industrial facility, an externally heated catalytic pyrolysis furnace was built. Experiments were carried out using MSW as the testing materials. The influences of parameters such as temperature, components of MSW, heating manner, steam and catalyst were experimentally investigated, and the production distribution, the gas