从“议会主权”到“行政主权”试析英国议会制度的演变-政治学；中外政治制度专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 享有“议会之母”的英国议会，在其几百年的风雨中，不断发展和演变，逐 步形成的议会制度，不仅成为英国政治制度的核心，而且也成为近代西方代议制 的典范。推动议会制度发展的主要因素是权力的演变，议会权力的外部演变主要 指的是权力从国王向议会的转移，即主权在王到议会主权；议会权力的内部演变 主要指的是权力是从议会上院向下院的转移；近现代以来，特别是二十世纪以来 英国政治权力演变的最显著的特征是权力中心由议会向政府的转移，也就是通常 所说的从“议会主权 ”到“行政主权”的变化，所谓“议会主权”指的是国家 政治权力中心在议会，国王只是形式上的国家象征；“行政主权”则是伴随着责 任内阁制形成后，内阁和首相成为权力的中心，议会地位衰落。本文主要是围绕 这一过程，分别从“议会主权”和“行政主权”形成的时代因素、社会和政治经 济因素角度论述；“行政主权”和“议会主权”各自的主要表现和它们所造成的 历史影响的角度进行阐述，试图揭示这种现象出现的必然原因，预测这种现象的 未来确发展趋势，以及其在当代英国社会政治制度中的作用，这是文章的核心部 分。此外，本文还论述了英国议会制度的一般理论，产生发展和历史意义，是为 了更详实地分析说明从“议会主权”到“行政主权”的演变，以及这种演变在立 法、财政和司法、监督等方面的痕迹。 关键词：议会主权 议会 行政主权 政府 议会制度 Abstract The Parliament, which has the longest histroy, has gradually become not only the centre of the English political system but also the model of the modern western parliaments owing to its continuous development over several hundred years.The main factor that promotes the Parliament system is the change of power. The outside change of the power of the Parliament refers to the transfer of the power from the King to the Parliament,while the inside change of the power of the Parliament indicates that power transfers form the House of Lords to the House of Commons. Since the modern times, especially the 20th century, the most outstanding character of the transfer of the English political power is that the nuclear of power goes down from the Parliament to the Government, that is , Dominion from the Parliamnet to administration. The Parliament Dominion says that the Parliament is the centre of the political power of the country , and the King is only the symbol. But as the Cabinet system has developed, administration Dominion means that the power is in the hands of the Cabinet and the Prime Minister while the Parliament has less power. This article is written around the process, separately stating the factors of the time ,social and political economy as well as their function and influence on society and history. On the other hand, the aritcle is trying to uncocver the certain causes of the ph