凡纳滨对虾和青蛤混养池塘水质及底质的研究-水生生物学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 本实验在科技部项目 02EFN 216900738 支持下 对比研究了 4 组不同密度的 青蛤对凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘生态系统的影响 从青蛤对混养虾池的水质 底质中 的氮 磷 有机碳沉积以及其它几个重要因子的作用等方面作了探讨 实验结果 表明 . 放养青蛤可以降低养殖池塘底质中的氮素沉积以及水体中的总氮含量 投 放青蛤的养殖池底质氮素积累均少于未投放青蛤的养殖池 不同密度池塘氮素积 累不同 其中放养密度为 78.75 公斤/亩的池塘氮素的沉积量最少 . 实验期间各池塘底质中的总磷均保持了持续增长 放养青蛤的池塘底质中 的总磷增加值少于未投放青蛤的池塘 放养青蛤密度最大的池塘因生物沉降量大 对降低底质中磷沉积的降低作用最小 . 实验过程中由于青蛤对水体中浮游植物的滤食作用 放养青蛤的池塘水体 的透明度较高 初级生产力水平较低 不同青蛤放养密度对水体初级生产力的影 响不同 池塘初级生产力随放养密度的增高而降低 混养青蛤还可以减少底质中 有机碳的积累 . 本实验还对青蛤的滤食率与体重 温度的关系进行了研究 青蛤的滤食率 随体重的增大而增加 且在一定范围内随温度的增加而上升 青蛤的个体滤食率 与体重呈正相关关系 关键词 凡纳滨对虾 青蛤 混养 水质 底质 -IV- Studies on water and soil quality in polyculured ponds of Litopenaeus vannamei and Cyclina Sinensis Abstract Eight new shrimp ponds were built,in which the preliminary experiments were conducted for comparison between monoculture of Penaeus vannamei Boone and polyculure of Litopenaeus vannamei Boone and Cyclina Sinensis Gmelin in different density.The main content include the sediment of nitrogen,phosphor and carbon in water and soil and several factors else.The main results were: It showed that during the feeding period the content of total nitrogen in water and soil was lower in polyculured shrimp ponds,in opposite,the monocultured shrimp ponds had the higher content.The values of total nitrogen in soil followed the order:DCBA. With the culture time lasting,the content of phosphor and organic carbon increased obviously in sediments in soil,and the content of total phosphor in water and soil was lower in polyculured shrimp ponds than monoculture.In different treatment,the content of phosphor and organic carbon in soil differed very much. The filter feeding of Cyclina Sinensis Gmelin in shrimp ponds can increase the transparency and decrease primary productivity in water during the experiment. Using laboratory ecological methods,the filter feeding rate were studied at this experiment.The results show that the filter feeding rate of ooooo positively correlated with water temperature and body weight under appropriate te