凡纳滨对虾生态养殖技术及水体微生物群落的鉴定分析-水生生物学专业论文.docxVIP

的溶氧值；氨氮值由 0.1625mg/L 降至 0.075mg/L，净化效率为 53.8%；亚硝酸根由 0.0425mg/L 降至 0.015mg/L，净化效率为 64.7%；CODMn 值由 8.275mg/L 降至 3.025mg/L，净化效率为 63.4%；BOD5 由 10.5mg/L 降至 5.25mg/L，净化效率达到 50%。从上述数据直观发现，简易湿地有较强的净化养殖废水的能力。简易湿地系 统又可作为排水渠使用，集观赏、排放废水于一体。建议在养殖场建立养殖池塘 面积 10%的湿地，种植芦苇、茭白、水花生、轮叶草等后，就能使养殖废水达到 国家对淡水池塘养殖水排放标准（SC/T9101-2007）。 采用简易湿地和平流式湿地复合而成的湿地系统对养殖废水进行处理，湿地 系统对养殖塘排出污水中的 pH、总氮、总磷及 CODMn 都具有显著的改善作用，其 中总氮由 2.32ug/ml 降至 0.76ug/ml，总磷由 0.75ug/ml 降至 0.05ug/ml，而 CODMn 值由 12.23ug/ml 降至 5.9ug/ml；运用湿地系统可明显改善养殖污水中的各类水质指 标，达到国家淡水池塘养殖水排放一级标准，可在凡纳滨对虾养殖区大规模推广。 3．凡纳滨对虾病毒检测及水体微生物群落分析实验 本实验针对凡纳滨对虾病毒性疾病高发的特点，利用 PCR 分子生物学诊断技 术，对奉贤地区 6-9 月份养殖凡纳滨对虾进行病毒性疾病监测，而后针对发病虾塘 采集各养殖阶段的水样，进行微生物的 PCR-DGGE 分析，得出以下结论：（1）养 殖水体中微生物的种类随着养殖阶段变化，夏季微生物群落丰度较高；（2）分析 得出虾塘水体微生物共有的几种优势菌落；（3）通过未发病虾塘和发病虾塘的微 生物进行对比，得出弧菌是发病虾塘主要的致病菌。阐明不同微生物组成与对虾 发病的关系，为以后通过益生菌抑制有害菌防治虾病提供理论依据。 关键词： 凡纳滨对虾，水质净化网，底增氧技术，人工湿地，微生物群落， PCR-DGGE Ecological technologies of Penaeus vannamei culture and analysis on microbial community from the culture water ABSTRACT With the rapid development of Penaeus vannamei farming culture, shrimp diseases turn to be an increasingly serious problem. The deterioration of water quality in the shrimp culture system is an important factor which leads to the deterioration of physical and resistance, even the death of shrimps. Beneficial bacterium can improve water quality, and the antibiotic or bacteriocin secreted by some bacteria could kill pathogenic bacteria. However, the research methods of traditional microbial ecology is only used to identify the limited culutred microorganism, we cannot obtain a deep perspective of the community structure of microorganism.Therefore there is an important task for us to develop the current culture by new and eco-farming technologies. In addition, wastewater rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and organic, emission from Penaeus vannamei farming culture ponds without treatment, would have an adverse effect on regional ecological environment, which isnot conducive to the sustainable development of P