初中物理光学典型前概念调查与引导策略-课程与教学论(物理)专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 初中物理教材光学一章，无论是从思维、方法，还是习惯与情感 态度等都对中学物理的学习做出铺垫。所以，研究如何促进学生对概 念的理解和牢牢把握光学概念就显得十分必要。而前概念又是影响概 念正确建构的重要因素。所谓前概念指的是受教育者在接受正规教育 之前的理念，通过日常学习或生活中积累了一定的感性印象并在受教 育者头脑中始终存在的一些光学概念，，这些前概念中，有些与科学 的概念并没有冲突，可以作为新知识的“出发点”，但是有些前概念 往往是片面的，缺乏科学性的，甚至是错误的。本文通过自编调查问 卷并结合访谈的方式，对“光源” 、“光的传播途径” 、“光是空 间实物” 的认识、“光传播是否需要时间”、“光的反射”、“光 的折射”、“平面镜成像特点”、“实像和虚像”概念的理解以及“凸 透镜”的外形特点的认识等几个典型知识点进行测查和访谈，并获得 未接受科学概念学习的初一学生头脑中存在着哪些典型前概念的信 息；同时，依据皮亚杰的认知理论、建构主义学习论、概念转化模型 理论以及基于初中生物理学习的思维特点应遵循的教学原则为写作 指导，利用前概念正迁移功能加以强化或完善概念的学习和转化错误 的前概念促进概念学习，这两个方面研究并提出具有针对性的教学策 略。 关键词：初中光学；前概念；强化概念；转化概念 I ABSTRACT Optical chapter of the junior middle school physics teaching material，For the high school physics learning from the thought, methods, habits and bedding。And study how to help students correctly understand and firmly grasp the concept of optical appears very necessary. The former concept is one of the important factors affect the concept to build correct. Former concept refers to the learner before accepting formal scientific education through long-term experience in daily life and get some perceptual impression. How many there are some students in mind optical concept, The former concept, Some former concept does not conflict with the concept of science, Can be used as a new growing point of knowledge, But some former concept tends to be one-sided, lack of scientific, even is wrong. This article, by means of the self-made questionnaires combined with interviews to light, light transmission way, the understanding of the light physical space, whether you need light propagation time, reflection of light, the refraction of light, flat mirror imaging characteristics, the understanding of the concept of real image and the virtual image and convex shapes the understanding of the characteristics of several typical knowledge to carry on the II survey,And wont accept scientific concept learning of the students which exists in the mind of a typical before the concept of information;At the same time, Based on P