反拱水垫塘底板块振动特性的研究-水力学及河流动力学专业论文.docx

反拱水垫塘底板块振动特性的研究 ? 学科：水力学及河流动力学 答辩日期：2006 年 3 月 作者：赵燕华 作者签名： 导师：孙 建 教授 导师签名： 摘 要 水垫塘是高拱坝采用坝身泄洪消能时，为保护下游河床而采取的有效措施。为了 揭示反拱水垫塘底板破坏机理，推广反拱水垫塘消能工的应用，对反拱水垫塘拱圈底 板块的振动特性进行了详细地研究。 对反拱水垫塘单底板块和多底板块振动特性进行了理论分析，提出了拱圈底板块 失稳分为自由振动、锁定、滑动变形及拱圈失稳四个过程，给出了各振动过程的动力 学方程以及底板块自由振动的最大理论高度的计算公式。 应用重力相似准则，采用加重橡胶材料制作底板块，建立了水垫塘精细模型。首 次对反拱水垫塘拱圈弹性单、多底板块的振动特性进行了试验研究，提出了拱圈底板 块沿流程的振动分区，给出了各振动区的界限，得到拱圈单、多底板块振动特征值沿 流程及沿拱圈的分布规律, 底板块振动的时域和频域特性，对不同下游水位的振动特 性进行了比较,给出了对拱圈底板块的稳定最不利的条件。 通过对研究成果的综合分析，提出了拱圈底板块锚固力失效的“连锁反应”和拱 圈底板块缝隙宽度的“累加效应”，揭示了拱圈底板块失稳的机理。 关键词：反拱水垫塘 拱圈 底板块振动 失稳 ?本研究得到了国家自然科学基金的资助 STUDY ON VIBRATION CHARATERISTICS OF SLABS IN THE? INVERTED ARCH PLUNGE POOL Specialty: Hydraulics and River Hydrodynamics Debate Data: 2006. 3 Candidate: Zhao Yanhua Signature Advisors: Prof. Sun Jian Signature ABSTRACT Plunge cushion pool is an effective measurement to protect river bed from scouring by the action of flow discharge through jets from outlets in high arch dam. In order to disclose destroy mechanism of the slab, and apply plunge pool widely, it is necessary to research vibration characteristics of slab set in the inverted plunge pool in detail. By making theoretical analysis on vibration characteristics of a single slab and multi ones set in the inverted arch ring, four processes about stability failure, that is free vibration, locking, sleeking and distortion are proposed on the condition that water sealing was damaged and anchor-hold was out of action, a formula of the slab’s maximum free displacement and dynamic equations in each process are obtained. A fine plunge pool model is found on the base of gravity similar rule, and the slab is made of synthetic rubber. Experimental research on the vibration of single slab and multi ones set in the arch ring is carried out in the first time. Slab vibration divisions along the water flow are proposed and their lists are determined. Laws of vibration distribution along water flow, across the arch ring, in time zone and frequency one are established.