过敏性哮喘的研究进展-中国免疫学杂志.PDF

余摇 芳摇 过敏性哮喘的研究进展摇 第4期 ·481· doi:10.3969/ j.issn.1000鄄484X.2018.04.001 ·专家述评 · 过敏性哮喘的研究进展淤 余摇 芳摇 (贵州医科大学附属医院临床检验中心,临床医学研究中心,贵州医科大学免疫转化医学重点实验 室,贵阳 550004) 摇 摇 中图分类号摇 R392摇 摇 文献标志码摇 A摇 摇 文章编号摇 1000鄄484X(2018)04鄄0481鄄07 [摘摇 要]摇 过敏性哮喘患病率在世界多地区呈现快速上升。 其发病机制与复杂的遗传背景和环境因素相关。 屏障系 统如气道上皮细胞接受刺激,分泌介质,传递信号活化局部组织微环境中天然免疫系统细胞,如天然淋巴样细胞(ILC),及许 多效应分子被上调或下调。 这些免疫微环境的改变与获得性免疫系统交互作用而启动疾病过程。 其中2 型ILC能与神经递 质相互作用提示神经系统与区域免疫系统交互作用调节局部组织功能。 有证据显示表观基因组变化、黏膜微生态改变等,均 参与疾病始动、发展及转归。 对疾病表型的更深入认识,能有助于从根据病人疾病表型选择治疗,而转向根据疾病机制选择 适合治疗方案的病人。 此外,对治疗方案的选择和评估,均需要有更多更可靠的生物标志物。 实验研究也需要更能真实映象 人体的实验模型。 本文综述这些方面近年来的研究进展。 [关键词]摇 过敏;过敏性哮喘;天然免疫细胞;表观遗传学;微生态;过敏原特异性免疫治疗;实验动物 Latest research topics on allergic asthma YUFang郾Centerfor Clinical Laboratory,Clinical Research Center,Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Immunology and TranslationalMedicine in GuizhouMedical University,Guiyang 550004,China [Abstract]摇 The prevalence of allergic asthma has been growing steadily worldwide including China郾Complex genetic and envi鄄 ronmental factors have been assumed to contribute to disease pathogenesis郾Key players in the barrier system such as airway epithelia secret allergic mediators in response to allergen stimulation郾The micro鄄environment composed of innate immune cells,e郾g郾 ,innate lymphoid cells,and various immune effector molecules is critical in regulating the production of cytokines/ chemokines,which further impacts the cells in adaptive immunity郾The revelation of the neuron鄄ILC2 axis confirms the importance of the cross鄄talk between the nervous system and local immune responses on the regulation of tissue homeostasis郾Furthermore,accumulating data implicate the involvement of the epigenetics and microbiota in allergic diseases郾The concept of endotype has improved personalized medicine that aims to select the most suitable patient for a therapy according to the patient鄄specific