国际经济学课件1(精品·公开课件).pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * A numerical example of CA Note: Home has higher labor productivity in both industries In H the opportunity cost of producing cheese in terms of wine = ? In F the opportunity cost of producing cheese in terms of wine =2 * Production and Consumption in Autarky * A numerical example of CA Assume that in world equilibrium the relative price is Pc/Pw=1 Home will specialize in cheese production. Home workers can earn more by producing cheese * Production and Consumption with Trade * Production and Consumption with Trade Consumption and Production Possibilities are higher in the presence of trade Supply of both goods is larger * A trick? Note that in the example above we have: That is, Home is more productive also in the production of wine, because it needs only two hours of work whilst Foreign country needs three (see the table). This is a case of Absolute Advantage Is it a Trick? NO. The CA theory suggests that each country specializes in the production of good in which it has the RELATIVELY lower unit labor requirements * Another Example * Another example Foreign has CA in Ham Home has CA in Peppers Foreign does specialise in Ham Home does specialise in Peppers * CA Theory’s Legacy Productivity differences play a role in international trade Comparative Advantage rather than Absolute advantage matters Evidence confirms that countries tend to export goods in which they have relatively high productivity * Measuring Comparative Advantage Belassa Index of Comparative Advantage where – for every time period t considered – i denotes a specific country, w indicates the world economy (i.e. the entire set of countries considered in the analysis), and j is a specific sector. b is, therefore, a sectoral relative export measure in terms of share of world exports. Since the numerator ranges from 0 (the country is not exporting products belonging to that particular sector) to 1 (the cou