西方医院的起源演进.pptVIP

The charity and the care: the origin and the evolution of hospitals 一个仁慈和救世的机构：医院的起源和演变 Healing centers in antiquity Institutions for caring the sick forerunners of modern hospitals date back to the beginning of civilization.“Healing centers” were documented in the ancient temples of Mesopotamia, Egypt and India,where ill people were brought to be cured by the priests through rituals and magico-religious practices 现代医院的前身追溯到文明的开端是为照顾病人而建立的机构。在美索不达米亚，埃及和印度，救济院被记载成古老的寺庙，这里通常是祭司一些仪式或者巫术等这样的宗教习俗来治愈病人的地方。 Healing centers in antiquity These places generally provided a short refuge for the acutely sick people, good air, and some kinds of treatment based on medical herbs, hot and cold baths, rich diet and uncontaminated water from sacred springs. 这些地方一般为神殿，能为急性病患者提供一个暂时的避难所，这里有良好的空气，有治疗的药材，有冷、热浴，有丰富的食物和来自圣泉未受污染的水。 Early Christianity: the birth of the concept of hospital The origins of the public hospital, as a placewhere strangers, pilgrims, sick and poor people could be received and cared for, are evidenced in early Christian age.In the gospels, Christ himself healed the sick through several miracles, charging his disciples to care for the ill and indigent and giving them power over diseases. The practice of hospitality was therefore considered as a virtue among the early Christians 基督教时期，公立医院的起源是作为给陌生人、朝拜者或者是为穷人病人提供救护的地方而建立的。据福音记载，耶稣创造了治愈疾病的奇迹，并带领门徒照顾病患者和贫穷的人，并赋予他们战胜疾病的力量，早期基督教徒们尽心照顾人的实际行动也因此被视为一种美好的德行。 Middle Ages: from the hospital–monastery to the inner-city hospital It was in the Christian world that hospitals spread over almost like a popular phenomenon.By the middle of the 6th century, many hospitals arose in Europe thanks to the support of churchmen, noblemen and kings. For example, Charlemagne promulgated a decree that hospitals had to be attached to every cathedral built in his kingdom,stimulating the clergy to supply the needs of the sick and the poor From the Renaissance hospital reform to nowadays: the example of the“Ospedale Maggiore”of Milan During