SkimminganSanning填空题评分原则及标准0712.docVIP

Skimming and Scanning填空题评分原则及标准（2008 年 1 月 Range-Finders 会议决定） 整体意思和语言均正确得1分。 语言错误扣0.5分，多余信息（含其中可能的语言错误）扣0.5 分。 明显属于笔误但不改变原意的拼写错误不扣分。 Part II Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning） Universities Branch Out As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward，and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time，the opening of national borders to the flow of goods，services，information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration， mutual understanding and geopolitical stability. In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy，universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative （合作的）research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity. Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent，from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow，from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at Americas best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduate