从分数量子霍尔效应到拓扑量子计算-DepartmentofMathematics.PDF

量子信息专题 从分数量子霍尔效应到拓扑量子计算* 2013 －06 －02 收到 † email ：xinwan@ † 1， 2 3 万歆 王正汉 杨昆 DOI：10.7693/w (1 浙江大学物理系 杭州 310027) (2 美国微软研究院 Q 所和加州大学圣巴巴拉分校数学系 圣巴巴拉 93106) (3 美国国家高磁实验室和佛罗里达州立大学物理系 塔拉哈西 32306) From the fractional quantum Hall effect to topological quantum computation WAN Xin1,† WANG Zheng-Han2 YANG Kun3 (1 Department of Physics ，Zhejiang University ，Hangzhou 310027 ，China) (2 Station Q ，Microsoft Research and Department of Mathematics ，University of California ，Santa Barbara ，CA 93106 ，USA) (3 National High Magnetic Field Laboratory and Department of Physics ，Florida State University ，Tal- lahassee ，FL 32306 ，USA) 摘 要 分数量子霍尔效应系统是奇异的量子液体，其中的准粒子激发可以带分数电 荷，甚至具有非阿贝尔的统计性质。理论研究表明，这些准粒子可以用来实现在硬件上可容 错的量子计算，即拓扑量子计算。文章在介绍分数量子霍尔效应及其在拓扑量子计算中的潜 在应用基础上，重点回顾了近五年来对填充因子为5/2 的分数量子霍尔态中非阿贝尔准粒子 的实验探测和部分相关理论诠释。 关键词 分数量子霍尔效应，非阿贝尔任意子，拓扑量子计算 Abstract Fractional quantum Hall systems are exotic quantum liquids which support quasi- particle excitations with fractional charge and even non-Abelian statistics. Theoretical investigations have found that these quasiparticles can be exploited to realize topological quantum computation that is fault-tolerant on the hardware level. In this article we describe the fractional quantum Hall effect with emphasis on its potential applications in topological quantum computation. We focus on the re- cent progress in the experimental detection of non-Abelian quasiparticles in the 5/2-filling quantum Hall system, as well as on some relevant theore