外科学脊柱骨折与脊髓损伤(英文).ppt

Treatment How to treat shock？ Treatment of fracture Review 1.Please describe the classification and clinical manifestation of spine fracture 2.How to distinguish spinal cord injury and cauda equina injury？ 3.Please describe the differents between incomplete and complete spinal cord injury 4. What are the complications of pelvic fracture？ Further references 胥少汀等著：脊柱脊髓损伤 C5 - Elbow flexors (biceps, brachialis) C6 - Wrist extensors (extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis) C7 - Elbow extensors (triceps) C8 - Finger flexors (flexor digitorum profundus) to the middle finger T1 - Small finger abductors (abductor digiti minimi) L2 - Hip flexors (iliopsoas) L3 - Knee extensors (quadriceps) L4 - Ankle dorsiflexors (tibialis anterior) L5 - Long toe extensors (extensors hallucis longus) S1 - Ankle plantar flexors (gastrocnemius, soleus) 关键肌肉的神经支配 C6 - Thumb C7 - Middle finger C8 - Little finger T1 - Medial side of antecubital fossa T2 - Apex of axilla T3 - Third intercostal space (IS) T4 -?Fourth IS at nipple line T5 -?Fifth IS (midway between T4 and T6) T6 -?Sixth IS at the level of the xiphisternum T7 -?Seventh IS (midway between T6 and T8) T8 -?Eighth IS (midway between T6 and T10) T9 -?Ninth IS (midway between T8 and T10) T10 -?10th IS or umbilicus T11 - 11th IS (midway between T10 and T12) T12 - Midpoint of inguinal ligament L1 - Half the distance between T12 and L2 L2 - Midanterior thigh L3 - Medial femoral condyle L4 - Medial malleolus L5 - Dorsum of the foot at third metatarsophalangeal joint S1 - Lateral heel S2 - Popliteal fossa in the midline S3 - Ischial tuberosity S4-5 - Perianal area (taken as?1 level) 各神经节段支配的皮肤感觉区 any questions ? Fracture of pelvis A serious injury caused by direct strong power, often with complex injuries More attention, first aid Anatomy and function Pelvic ring：sacrum and ilium，ligaments Posterior arch Anterior arch Function：loading, protection to the organs and nerve；stability of spine, walking, etc