数据库原理 英文课件chapter2- database_mdeling.pptVIP

* Avoiding Redundancy Redundancy occurs when we say the same thing in two or more different ways. Redundancy wastes space and (more importantly) encourages inconsistency. The two instances of the same fact may become inconsistent if we change one and forget to change the other. * Example: Good This design gives the name of each studio exactly once. Movies Studios Owns title name addr year * Example: Bad Movies Studios Owns title This design states the name of each studio twice: as an attribute and as a related entity. name addr year StudioName * Example: Bad This design repeats the studio’s address once for each movie and loses the address if there are temporarily no movie for a studio. Movies title year StudioName StudioAddr * Entity Sets Versus Attributes An entity set should satisfy at least one of the following conditions: It is more than the name of something; it has at least one nonkey attribute. or It is the “many” in a many-one or many-many relationship. * Example: Good Movies Studio Owns title Studio deserves to be an entity set because of the nonkey attribute addr. Movies deserves to be an entity set because it is the “many” of the many-one relationship Owns. name addr * Example: Good Movies title There is no need to make the studio an entity set, because we record nothing about studios besides their name. StudioName * Example: Bad Movies Studios Owns title Since the Studios is nothing but a name, and is not at the “many” end of any relationship, it should not be an entity set. name * 两个实体型间的联系 班级 班级-班长 班长 1 1 1:1联系 班级 组成 学生 1 n 1:n联系 课程 选修 学生 m n m:n联系 * 多个实体型间的联系 多个实体型间的一对多联系 若实体集E1，E2，...，En存在联系，对于实体集Ej（j=1，2，...，i-1，i+1，...，n）中的给定实体，最多只和Ei中的一个实体相联系，则Ei与E1，E2，...，Ei-1，Ei+1，...，En之间是一对多联系 实例：课程、教师与参考书三个实体型 多个实体型间的一对一联系 多个实体型间的多对多联系 课 程 教 员 参考书 讲 授 1 m n * 课堂思考 三个实体间的联系 判断联系种类 供应商 项 目 零 件 供 应 m n p * 同一实体集内各实体间的联系 一对多联系 实例 职工实体集内部具有领导与被领导的联系 某一职工（干部）“领导”若干名职工，一个职工仅被另外一个职工直接领导 这是一对多的联系 一对一联系 多对多联系 职 工 领导 1 n * Other