典型轻合金表面形貌与微结构对电子功函数的影响-材料工程专业论文.docx

I I 摘 要 轻合金作为一种轻量化结构材料，具有低密度、高强度等诸多优异的综合性 能，尤其在航空航天等领域中，展现出了广阔的应用前景。随着科学技术的不断 发展，电子功函数作为表征材料表面物理性能的重要参数，已受到越来越多的材 料学者的关注和研究。目前，应用电子功函数已比较成功地研究了合金表面的各 种现象和规律，但影响合金表面电子功函数的微观机制的研究却鲜有报道。 本论文以 AZ31 镁合金和 2198 铝锂合金为研究对象，从外界环境、表面形 貌以及组织结构三个不同角度，采用表面氧化与湿度调节、表面抛光与腐蚀以及 退火处理等多种方式，研究了合金材料表面与体内微结构变化对电子功函数的影 响。 研究结果表明：由合金表面氧化层所引起的电偶极层增加了合金表面的真空 势能，导致合金表面电子功函数随表面氧化层厚度的增加而增大；空气相对湿度 的增加使合金表面吸附一定厚度的水膜，从而抑制了电子的逃逸，导致合金表面 电子功函数不断增大；表面粗糙度对合金表面电子功函数的影响较为明显，通过 表面抛光和表面腐蚀发现，合金表面电子功函数会随表面粗糙度的增大而增大。 考虑开尔文探针系统是一种非接触的无损震荡电容装置，通过分析存在边界条件 的 Laplace 方程，发现表面粗糙度会引起针尖与合金表面之间静电势和静电场的 空间波动，且随表面粗糙度的增大，电势和电场强度变大，进而影响电子功函数 的变化。另外，实验发现合金的退火处理会使合金的硬度发生变化，且对合金内 部的费米能级造成影响，从而导致合金的表面电子功函数与合金的硬度呈反比关 系，这与运用自由体积模型和结构弛豫理论计算的结果一致。 关键词：镁合金，铝锂合金，电子功函数，显微结构，电子结构 I II Abstract As a lightweight structural material, light alloy has been widely applied in various fields, especially in aerospace, due to its excellent properties, such as low density and high strength. With the continuous development of science and technology, the electron work function (EWF) is used to characterize the physical priperties of the alloy surface and is now arousing more and more interest of scholars. At present, many phenomena and behaviors of the alloy surface have been successfully analyzed by means of the EWF, but the detailed mechanisms affecting the electron work function of the alloy surface have been rarely reported. In this thesis, AZ31 magnesium alloy and 2198 aluminum lithium alloy were chosen as the objects, and the effect of various factors on the EWF was investigated. These factors included the change of surface oxidation, relative humidity, surface morphology, annealing temperature and time, and so on. The results show that the EWF of the two alloys increased as a function of surface oxidation time, which was in that the vacuum potential of alloy surface enhanced due to the appearance of the electric dipole layer caused by surface oxidation. The increase of relative humidity in air enabled the alloy to