2018-2019学年高二英语人教版选修七课件：unit 2 section 4.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Section Ⅳ　Grammar Writing 探究 语法精要 被动语态 一、被动语态的基本构成 I’m asked to clean my room once a week. 我被要求每周打扫一次房间。 English lessons are being broadcast on the radio. 广播上正在播英语课程。 Everyone’s pay will be increased next year by 5%. 明年每人的工资将增加五个百分点。 It was the first time that I had been criticized in public. 那是我第一次在公众场合挨批。 The work will have been finished by the end of next month. 到下个月底前这项工作将会完成。 二、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题 1．否定词not的位置：在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。 He was extremely disappointed to hear that he would not be given a doctor’s degree.听到不会获得博士学位，他沮丧到了极点。 2．复合结构的被动语态 主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。 在主动句中，make，hear，see等词后接不定式时要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。 We saw him sitting there without doing anything. →He was seen sitting there without doing anything. 我们看见他坐在那儿，什么也没做。 His words made me throw up. →I was made to throw up by his words. 他的话令我作呕。 3．双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句 带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的直接宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的间接宾语，或将表示人的间接宾语变为主语。 My father is telling me an interesting story now. →An interesting story is being told to me by my father now. →I’m being told an interesting story by my father now. 爸爸正在给我讲一个有趣的故事。 4．短语动词在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。 The old man was often laughed at. 那位老人经常受人嘲笑。(不可省掉介词at) 三、动词不定式的被动形式和用法 当动词不定式动词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系时，不定式要用被动语态。不定式的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。其构成形式和意义如下： 构成 意义 一般式 to be done 表示在谓语动词之后或同时发生的被动动作 完成式 to have been done 表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作 Little Tom hopes to be praised often. 小汤姆希望经常受到表扬。(宾语) This book is said to have been translated into several languages. 据说这本书已经被译成了多种语言。(状语) He got to the station only to be told that the train had left. 他到达车站后被告知那列火车已经走了。(状语) The next thing to be done is to carry away the earth. 下一步要做的事是把土运走。(定语) No harm seems to have been done to them. 对他们似乎并没有造成损害。(表语) 四、主动形式表示被动意义 1．主动语态表被动意义的几种情况 (1)有些动词如 read，write，clean，wash，iron，burn，draw，cook，keep，cut，open，sell等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，常和副词well，easily，smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。 The pen writes sm