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VOL. 9, NO. 5 WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH OCTOBER 1973
Analysisof CoupledHeat-FluidTransportin PartiallyFrozenSoil
R. L. HARLAN
Water ResourcesBranch, Department o] the Environment, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
An analogycan be made betweenthe mechanismsof water transport in partially frozen
soilsand thosein unsaturatedsoils.By useof this analogya Darcian approachis appliedto
the analysis of coupled heat-fluid transport in porous media with freezing and thawing.
With the aid of a numerical model, freezing-affectedsoil-water redistribution and infiltration
to frozensoil are examinedfrom a phenomenological.pointof view, and the effectsof soil type
and initial conditionson the responseof a hypothetical soil column are studied. In general,
the model showsthat the rate of upward redistribution of soil water to a freezing zone at the
soil surface decreases from coarse-textured soils to fine-textured soils and decreases with in-
crease in depth to the water table. Subsequent redistribution during melting of the frost
wedge is shown to occur at a rate lessthan that associatedwith freezing. Infiltration to par-
tially frozen soil is also shown to have a significant influence on soil-water redistribution
and the responseof the groundwatertable.
Conceptually,water in soilsat moisturecon- pend mainly on temperature [Andersonand
tents less than saturation can be visualized Hoekstra, 1965b] and exceptfor very dry soils
as occupyingwedge-shapedvolumes intercon- to be nearly independentof total water con-
nected by thin liquid films existing between tent, that is, liquid water plus ice [Low et al.,
clay plateletsand o
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