如何上好一儿科理论课.pptVIP

Nutrition of Childhood Department of Pediatrics Soochow University Affiliated Children’s Hospital THE FEEDING OF INFANTS 婴儿喂养  Breast Feeding Breast feeding provides optimal nutrition for the normal infant during the early months of life. (The first milk) colostrum 初乳 The breast with five days after delivery is colostrum. The colostrum is a lemon-yellow color and alkaline. The total amount of colostrum secreted daily is 10 - 40 ml. Colostrum contains more proteins and more minerals, but lower in carbohydrate and fat. Human colostrum also contains some unique immunologic factors and high in globulins. The transitional milk 过度乳 Which is the secretion of the breast from five days to 10 days after birth The mature Milk 成熟乳 Which is the secretion of the breast from 11 days after birth to 10 months. Composition of Human Milk 母乳成分 Human milk protein Milk lipids Carbohydrate Mineral content of human milk Vitamins Advantages of Breast Feeding Easy to be nursing Nutritional benefits Psychological benefits Improvement of immunity benefits Developmental benefits Benefits to Mothers Management of Breast Feeding Breast feeding should begin as soon after delivery as the condition of the mother and of the baby permits, preferably within the first hours. Infants should be brought to the mother for feeding about every 3 hours during the day and every 4 hours during night. Weaning of Breast Feeding Praise, loving attention, cuddling, and selection of appropriate time (about 10 months of ages) are vital to successful weaning. Avoid weaning in hot weather or when infant is sick. Combined Feeding 混合喂养 Combined feeding means that the infant is receiving both breast milk and artificial milk feeds. Artificial Feeding 人工喂养 Artificial feeding means that nutritious substitutes for human milk have been developed. Calculation for the amount of cow‘s milk required by infant（婴儿的奶量计算） If an infant is fed by 8% sugared-milk, the total energy and the amount of milk