离散数学杨争锋ch23.pptxVIP

Example (page 97) Assignment of Grades in a Discrete Mathematics Class See the 牛牛文库文档分享(2) domain, codomain and range Definition 2 (page 98) If f is a function from A to B, we say that A is the domain (定义域) of f and B is the codomain(伴域） of f. If f(a)=b, we say that b is the image (像) of a and a is a pre-image (原像) of b. The range (值域) of f is the set of all images of elements of A. Also, if f is a function from A to B, we say f maps A to B. 牛牛文库文档分享(3) Example 4 (page 135 ) Let f: Z→Z assign the square of an integer to this integer, i.e., f(x)=x2. What is the domain, codomain and range of function f ?Solution: 牛牛文库文档分享(4) Definition 3 (page 135) Let f1 and f2 be functions from A to R. Then f1 +f2 and f1 f2 are also functions from A to R defined by (f1 +f2)(x) = f1 (x) + f2(x) (f1 f2)(x) = f1(x) f2(x) 牛牛文库文档分享 Example 6 (page 135) Let f1 and f2 be functions from R to R such that f1 (x)=x2 and f1 (x)=x-x2 . What are the functions f1 +f2 and f1 f2 ?Solution: See 牛牛文库文档分享(5) Definition 4 (page 136) Let f be a function from the set A to the set B and let S be a subset of A. The image of S is the subset of B that consists of the images of the elements of S. The notation: f(S) = { f(s) | s∈S } 牛牛文库文档分享 Example 7 (page136) A={a,b,c,d,e} B={1,2,3,4} f(a)=2, f(b)=1, f(c)=4, f(d)=1, f(e)=1 S={b,c,d} What is f(S)?Solution: See 牛牛文库文档分享2. One-to-one and Onto functionsOne-to-one function (or injective, 单射) Definition 5 (page 136) A function f is said to be one-to-one, if and only if f(x)=f(y) implies that x=y for all x and y in the domain of f. A function is said to be an injection if it is one-to-one.证明单射的两种表达方法： (a) 若f(x)=f(y), 那么要证：x=y (b) 若x≠y, 那么要证：f(x) ≠f(y) 牛牛文库文档分享(2) Examples (pages 136-137)Example 8 Determine whether the function f from {a,b,c,d} to {1,2,3,4,5} with f(a)=4, f(b)=5, f(c)=1, and f(d)=3 is one to one.Solution: Function f is 牛牛文库文档分享(b) Example 9 Determine whether the function f(x)=x2 from the set of integers to the set of integers is one-to-one.So