离散数学杨争锋ch041.pptxVIP

Chapter 4 Counting (计数)§4.1 The Basics of Counting§4.2 The Pigeonhole Principle§4.3 Permutations and Combinations§4.4 Binomial Coefficients§4.5 Generalized Permutations and Combinations§4.6 Generating Permutations and C 牛牛文库文档分享§4.1 The Basics of CountingIntroduction Example 0 (page 301) A password on a computer system consists of six, seven, or eight characters. Each of these characters must be a digit or a letter of the alphabet. Each password must contain at least one digit. How many such passwords are there? 牛牛文库文档分享2. Basic Counting PrinciplesThe Product Rule (乘法法则) Suppose that a procedure can be broken into a sequence of two tasks. If there are n1 ways to do the first task and n2 ways to do the second task after the first task has been done, then there are n1n2 ways to do the 牛牛文库文档分享(2) Examples (a) Example 1 (page 302) The chair of an auditorium (礼堂) are to be labeled with a letter and a positive integer not exceeding 100. What is the largest number of chairs that can be labeled differently?Solution: See blackboard or 牛牛文库文档分享 (b) Example 2 (page 302) There are 32 microcomputers in a computer center. Each microcomputer has 24 ports. How many different ports to a microcomputer in the center are there?Solution: See blackboard or 牛牛文库文档分享(3) Extended Version of the Product RuleSuppose that a procedure is carried out by performing the tasks T1, T2, …, Tm in sequence. If task Ti can be done in ni ways after tasks T1, T2, …, and Ti-1 have been done, then there are n1×n2×…×nm ways to carry out the 牛牛文库文档分享 (4) Examples (a) Example 3 (page 302) How many different bit strings are there of length seven? Solution: See blackboard or 牛牛文库文档分享 (b) How many different license plate are available if each plate contains a sequence of three letters followed by three digits (and no sequences of letters are prohibited, even if they are obscene)Solution: See blackboard or 牛牛文库文档分享 (c) Example 5 (page 303) Counting functions How many functions are there from a set of m ele