中国医科大学病理学关英文课件9.ppt

Chapter 5. Neoplasia 病 例 ＸＸＸ，女，21岁 主诉：近半年左下肢膝关节附近疼痛，活动后 加重，一个月前发现左股骨下端局部隆 起，逐渐长大，疼痛难忍，来诊。 查体：左股骨下端局部肿物，压痛（＋） 处置：1. 左股骨下端X线正侧位像2. 胸部X线正侧位像3. 左股骨下端肿物穿刺活检 检查结果 1.左股骨下端X线正位像： 左股骨下端占位病变， 骨皮质破坏,骨膜反应。 2.胸部X线正侧位像： 未见明显异常 临床诊断：恶性骨肿瘤？ 活检病理诊断：骨肉瘤 治疗原则 1.手术切除 2.化 疗 3.放 疗 4.支持疗法 思 考 题 1.什么是肿瘤？具有哪些特性？ 2.肿瘤有哪些种类、各自特点？ 3.肿瘤生物学行为如何？对机体有何影响？ 4.肿瘤的结局如何？ 5.肿瘤是如何发生发展的？如何防治？ Chapter 5. Neoplasia Good news: The rapid progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis and biological behavior of cancer and cancer therapy. Many cancers can be cure or arrested. For example: breast cancer, cervical cancer But many problems still need to be solved! Section 1. Definition and morphology Two question: What is tumor? Definition What are tumors look like? Morphology ※Definition Neoplasia literally means the process of “new growth” and a new growth is called a neoplasm. tumor was originally applied to the swelling caused by inflammation. Oncology is the study of tumors or neoplasms. Cancer is the common term for all malignant tumors. Neoplasia In 1953, The eminent British oncologist Willis had given neoplasia a famous definition: “A neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues and persists in the same excessive manner after cessation of the stimuli which evoked the change.” A more scientific difinition: “Neoplasia is genetic disease, in which the growth of tumors is loss of responsiveness to normal growth control, and shows an excessive hyperplasia with abnormal differentiation.” Tumor (neoplasm): under the stimulation of tumorgenic agents a single cell of local tissue loss the controlling to its growth at the gene level excessive proliferation to form neoplasm Distinguish between neoplastic and non-neoplastic hyperplasia Neoplastic Non-neoplastic Monoclonality