涂尔干和索绪尔结构主义思想比较.PDFVIP

Cross-cultural Communication Copyright 2007 by the 2007,Vol.3,No.4,1-20 Canadian Academy of Oriental and Occidental Culture Durkheim and Saussure: Structuralism Thoughts Compared Durkheim et Saussure : comparaison des pensées de structuralisme 塗爾幹和索緒爾：結構主義思想比較 Liu Yuanchao 劉援朝 Received 15May 2007; accepted 20 Novmber 2007 Abstract: Structuralism is the most popular rationalism thought in the current academic field. It originates from the structuralism in linguistics and gradually influences anthropology, literature, philosophy, history, sociology and such humanistic disciplines and it has laid foundation for the development of post-modernism in the contemporary society. The author noticed that there was structuralism in academic field before linguistic structuralism came up and that was social structural analysis in sociology. The author discussed in detail the structuralism thought of Durkheim, who was the founder of sociology. The author compares his thoughts with those of Saussure and their life experiences and makes the conclusion that Saussure’s structuralism thought originated from Durkheim’s social structural analysis and was further systemized and developed. Researchers after Saussure further developed Saussure’s idea and thus made structuralism a precise and complete rationalism academic thought. Key words: Durkheim, Saussure, structuralism, social structure, structural analysis, post-structural analysis, schools of structuralism Résumé: Le structuralisme est un c