海洋科学导论-9-朱彤..pptxVIP

海洋科学导论;1. 为什么关注海气作用？ 2. 海洋向大气释放的物质及影响？ 3. 大气沉降对海洋的影响？ 4. 污染物的海气交换及其对海洋环境的影响 5. 海洋吸收CO2的后果？海洋酸化 6. 可否利用海气物质交换控制气候变化？ 海洋施铁（肥）实验 7. 如何准确测量海气交换通量？;为什么关注海气作用？;地球的圈层间密切作用、影响，构成地球系统。;地球圈层间的相互作用，形成影响气候、环境的正、负反馈过程;地学研究的前沿领域：发展地球系统模式，模拟圈层间相互作用;海气作用在气候变化、海洋生态系统、生物地球化学循环中有着重要影响;海气相互作用，主要指发生在大气下层1000米（边界层）和海洋上层100-1000米之间物质和能量的交换，本次课程主要介绍物质交换及其影响。;海气物质和能量交换：碳，铁，氮，硫，磷，锰，卤素，氧气，水，热，动量 相关学科：大气化学/物理，气候，海洋物理，海洋生物系统，海洋生物地球化学;2.海洋向大气释放的物质及影响？;DMS(aq);海洋浮游生物的生理过程会释放出二甲基硫，进入大气后会被氧化为硫酸盐，促进云的形成。;Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution;海水也是温室气体甲烷的一个来源。此外，海洋中存在着大量的甲烷水合物，既是一种未来的能源，也是温室气体的一个潜在的来源;卫星遥感监测全球大气中甲烷浓度的分布;极地冰冻层释放甲烷：海气作用与气候变化的正反馈;3.大气向海洋输送的物质及影响;Illustration by Jack Cook, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution;大气物质沉降影响海洋初级生产过程 ;20;Model-estimated anthropogenic (1990–2000 minus preindustrial) atmospheric deposition fluxes for carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur (molm2y1); alkalinity; and potential alkalinity, assuming complete nitrification of NH4 + NH3 (eq m-2y-1).;Perturbation maps of simulated surface water pH, DIC, and total alkalinity trends and air–sea CO2 flux due to anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur deposition.;4. 污染物的海气交换及其对海洋环境的影响;Illustration by Jack Cook, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution);The biogeochemical cycling of mercury. Deposition of Hg to the ocean is primarily as Hg(II). A substantial amount (roughly 1/3) of the deposited Hg is returned to the atmosphere following reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0). Bioaccumulation of Hg occurs mostly through the retention of monomethylHg (MMHg) in biota. Most of the Hg entering the ocean is not methylHg, however, and complex biological and abiological processes result in the formation of MMHg and dimethylHg (DMHg).;Monomethylmercury (MMHg) is the toxic form of mercury that accumulates up the food chain into fish. High levels of MMHg are found at mid-water ocean depths where oxygen levels are lowest. Are bacteria making MMHg in the open ocean as they do in sediments closer to land, or are other complex processes going on? To probe th