英国文学文艺复兴时期课件The-Period-Of-English-Bourgeois-Revolution-and-Restoration.ppt

The Period Of English Bourgeois Revolution and Restoration Civil War (1642) Glorious Revolution (1688) Historical Background The 17th century was one of the most tempestuous periods in English history. The contradiction between absolute monarchy and the bourgeoisie became shaper and shaper with every passing day. p129 In 1603, Queen Elizabeth died. James I came to the throne. He claimed the divine right of king. When Charles I ascended the throne in 1625, he dissolved the parliament because it wanted to limit the kings power in taxation. Civil War (1642) In 1642, a civil war broke out between Charles I and the parliament. All the classes in England soon split up into two camps. The parliament was supported by the merchants, the workers and the peasants; while the king was supported by the conservative gentry, the big landlords and the monopolists. The king's men were called "Cavaliers" because they were skillful at riding and shooting, and the soldiers of the parliament were called "Roundheads" because they wore their hair short. The royalists were defeated by the parliament army led by Oliver Cromwell. In 1649 Charles was sentenced to death, and England was declared to be a commonwealth and Cromwell became the leader of the country. Oliver Cromwell/奥利弗·克伦威尔 In 1653, Cromwell imposed a military dictatorship on the country, and he began to throw the people away. So the English people began to oppose Cromwell and his government. After the death of Cromwell, the parliament recalled CharlesⅡ to England in 1660 and monarchy was restored. Then followed the Restoration Period. Glorious Revolution (1688) JamesⅡ succeeded CharlesⅡ. When JamesⅡ threatened to restore the old absolute monarchy, the bourgeoisie took a decisive action, that is, to have him expelled and invite William, prince of Orange, form Holland to be king of England in 1688. This is called the “Glorious Revolution”. This bloodless event completed the bourgeoisie revolution. So, after a century of d