生理学报告2走近阑尾.pptVIP

阑尾 周二11组 许涵濛 易澍 外科医生躺在一张临时搭出来的竹床上，他的妻子坐在旁边的藤椅里，他们的两个孩子，我哥哥和我，并肩坐在一条长凳上，听我们的父亲在说每个人肚子里都有的那一条阑尾，他说他每天最少也要割掉二十来条阑尾，最快的一次他只用了十五分钟，十五分钟就完成了一次阑尾手术，将病人的阑尾唰地一下割掉了。 我们问，割掉以后怎么办呢？ “割掉以后？”我父亲挥挥手说，“割掉以后就扔掉。” “为什么扔掉呢？” 我父亲说：“阑尾一点屁用都没有。” …… 我父亲看了我一会，说：“你说得也对，你们说得都对，肺，胃，心脏，还有十二指肠，结肠，大肠，直肠什么的都有用，就是这阑尾，这盲肠末端上的阑尾……你们知道阑尾有什么用？” 我哥哥抢先学父亲的话说了，他说：“阑尾一点屁用都没有。” The appendix (or vermiform appendix; also cecal [or caecal] appendix; vermix; or vermiform process) is a blind-ended tube（盲管） connected to the cecum（盲肠）, from which it develops embryologically. The cecum is a pouchlike structure（囊袋状结构） of the colon（结肠）, located at the junction of the small and the large intestines（大肠和小肠）. The term vermiform （蠕虫状的）comes from Latin and means worm-shaped. The appendix was first depicted in Western medicine by Leonardo Da Vinci in his dissection sketches in 1492. A valve for the cecum? 所处位置 location The appendix is usually located in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen（下腹）, near the right hip bone（髋骨）. The base of the appendix is located 2?cm beneath the ileocecal valve（回盲瓣） that separates the large intestine from the small intestine. Its position within the abdomen corresponds to a point on the surface known as McBurneys point（麦氏点）. umbilicus脐 anterior superior iliac spine髂前上棘 While the base of the appendix is at a fairly constant location—2?cm below the ileocecal valve, the tip of the appendix can be variably located—in the pelvis（骨盆）, outside the peritoneum（腹膜） or behind the cecum. The human appendix averages 9?cm in length but can range from 2 to 20?cm. The diameter of the appendix is usually between 7 and 8?mm. 结构 structure——“酒坛子” 到了晚上睡觉的时候，我们经常听到他埋怨我们的母亲，他说： “说起来你给我生了两个儿子，其实你是生了两条阑尾，平日里一点用都没有，到了紧要关头害得我差点丢了命。” Although it has been long accepted that the immune tissue surrounding the appendix and elsewhere in the gut—called gut associated lymphoid tissue（肠道相关淋巴组织）—carries out a number of important functions, explanations were lacking for the distinctive shape of the appendix and it