粒子图像测速仪.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The Scheimpflüg camera arrangement introduces perspective distortion to the images causing a rectangle in the light sheet plane to be imaged as a trapezoid on the image sensor. In order to use the images recorded with the cameras in the Scheimpflüg condition the velocity vectors must be transformed to convert them from the image space to the fluid space. * Since the cameras in the Scheimpflug configuration are generally not normal to the light sheet, angular viewing must be accounted for. A rectangular grid structure imaged in such an arrangement appears as a trapezoid, a situation easily compensated for, using a comprehensive mapping function. The influences of refraction through walls and similar optical influences are also overcome. In TSI systems, the mapping function that establishes the unique relationship between the object plane, or the measurement plane in the flow, and the image planes in the cameras is generated using a target. TSI pioneered the dual plane dual side (DPDS) target that has multiple planes of markers on both sides. It allows mapping function generation without traversing the target. Further, it allows the two cameras in a stereoscopic system to be set up in any desired fashion. They can be placed on either side of the light sheet or both on the same side to suit the experimental facility geometry. The target has a built-in mirror to position it in the light sheet plane. A unique advantage of this on-line calibration approach is that camera angles and other parameters need not be measured, even for an asymmetrical camera arrangement. The calibration grid target is first aligned with the center of the light sheet and centered on the camera system optical axis. Images of the target from the two cameras are captured and saved. The calibration grid images are analyzed and the centroid of each calibration marker stored in a target file. The locations of the marker points in the fluid are also stored in t