基于图像处理与机器视觉的车辆轮对踏面检测技术研究交通安全与环境工程专业论文.docxVIP

优秀毕业论文 精品参考文献资料 摘要轮对是铁路车辆重要的走行部件，轮对踏面的损伤会对列车运行 摘要 轮对是铁路车辆重要的走行部件，轮对踏面的损伤会对列车运行 产生许多不良影响。因此，迅速准确地检测轮对踏面的损伤，确保磨 耗量不超过规定的限度，对于保障列车运行的平稳性和安全性具有重 要的现实意义。 目前国内车辆轮对踏面检测还是以人工检测为主，大量的测量数 据需要人工记录，劳动效率差、可靠性低且不便于信息化管理。 论文主要研究基于图像处理与机器视觉的轮对踏面磨耗和相关 参数的自动检测技术。检测系统通过步进电机控制轮对旋转，并以激 光作为光源扫描轮对踏面，形成踏面光带轮廓，同时用面阵 CCD(Charge Coupled Device)采集踏面光带轮廓图像。计算机对采集 的图像进行图像处理和图像分析，运用的主要算法有图像类型的转 化、图像反色、中值滤波、LOG(Laplacian ofGaussian)锐化算子、基 于迭代法的阈值分割、细线化等，使得提取的轮对图像信息达到了较 高的精度。系统标定采用两步法，通过畸变校正提高了标定精度。采 用模式识别中的差影法对轮对踏面的磨耗进行了快速准确的检测，并 根据图像的相加运算来测量轮对的相关参数。分析了实验测量结果的 误差来源，并提出了具体的测量装置的改进方案。 关键词自动检测，激光测量，图像处理，轮对踏面，机器视觉 ABSTRACTWheelset ABSTRACT Wheelset is an important running part of the railway vehicle，and the damage of the wheelset tread will cause many problems and impact the safety of train transportation badly Therefore，the damage should be detected quickly and accurately to ensure its wears under the limitation for the stabilization and safety of railway transportation． Nowadays the tread of vehicle wheelset is still measured mainly mechanical tools in our country,the measurement method is low efficient， low reliable and inconvenient for information management． The technology based on image treatment and machine vision for wear detection and correlation parameters measurement of the wheelset tread is presented in this paper．While a wheelset is rolling under a certain speed controlled by step motor,tread surface of the wheelset is scaned by the laser,and the light band profile is collected by array CCD(Charge Coupled Device)camera．The collected image can be processed and analyzed by image type transformation，image anti-color,median filtering， LOG(Laplacian of Gaussian)sharpening operator,threshold segmentation which based on iteration，filament arithmetic etc，and these methods make the extracted image information reach relatively high accuracy．The calibration of system is realized by two—step method，which also corrects distortion．The wear of wheelset tread is detected quickly and accurately by di ffe