第二章饱和烃烷和环烷烃.pptVIP

Chapter Two Saturated Hydrocarbons: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes What are Hydrocarbons? Alkanes and Cycloalkanes. General Formulas of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes. Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes. Nomenclature of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes. Structures of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes. Physical Properties of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes. Chemical Properties of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes. Synthesis of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes. What are Hydrocarbons? Hydrocarbons are compounds whose molecules contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms. 烃－－－由且只由碳和氢两种元素组成的有机化合物。 烃分子中的H原子被其它原子或基团取代后，可以生成一系列衍生物 derivative Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Those hydrocarbons in which all of the carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds are called alkanes.（Saturated Hydrocarbons) Cycloalkanes are alkanes in which all or some of the carbon atoms are arranged in ring. 烷烃－－－分子中的碳原子均以单键相连的烃。 环烷烃－－－全部或部分碳原子成环状排列的烷烃。 2.1 General Formulas of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Alkanes have the general formula CnH2n+2, where n is an integer (整数). Cycloalkanes have the general formula CnH2n. 2.2Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes and cycloalkanes Isomers are compounds that have the same numbers and kinds of atoms but differ in the way the atoms are arranged. Constitutional isomers are compounds that have their atoms connected in different orders. 同分异构体是具有相同的原子种类和个数而具有不同原子排列的化合物。 构造异构体是具有不同原子连接方式（原子种类和个数相同）的化合物。 Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes Constitutional isomers may have: different carbon skeletons, (不