介观电路的量子效应-光学专业论文.docxVIP

中文摘要近年来，随着微电子学和纳米技术的飞速发展，集成电路的基本器件已 中文摘要 近年来，随着微电子学和纳米技术的飞速发展，集成电路的基本器件已 经到了介观的尺度，电路的量子效应凸显。实验和生产中急需建立关于介观 电路的量子理论，基于经典简谐振子的量子化方法，人们对基本介观电路的 压缩效应、量子涨落等问题做了深入的研究。但是，只有考虑了电路中电荷 应取分立值的量子理论才是全量子理论。全量予理论的建立与应用的研究工 作才刚刚开始，在介观电路的全量子理论的框架下，本文研究了介观电路的 量子效应。 基于介观电路中电荷应是量子化的这一基本事实，本文用不同的方法分 别实现了介观RLC电路和含源RLC电路的量子化，给出了该电路的薛定谔 方程，通过幺正变换，薛定谔方程变为标准的马丢方程，从而实现了对它的 求解，利用WKBJ方法求得了系统的能级，并计算了电流在各本征态中的 量子涨落。 介观电路量子化不仅是电路的量子化还应包含电荷的量子化，库仑阻塞 效应是电荷量子化的结果，全量子理论成功的给出了库仑阻塞条件，电流的 量子涨落对应于电路中的量子噪声，这种量子效应在其他的介观电路中也会 普遍存在，值得人们深入研究，这对于进一步设计微小电路、降低量子噪声 具有指导意义。 关键词： 介观电路，量子涨落，马丢函数 ABSTRACTWith ABSTRACT With the rapid development in the nanotecchnoology and microelectronics， the electronic device in integrated circuits has reached to a mesoscopic scale． the quarttum effeCtS in the circuits become more and more important．A quantum theory to the mesoseopic circuits is demanded eagerly in the experiment and manufacture．Comparing with the quantiz：ation of a harmony,the quantum effects in the fundamental mesoscopic eircuits are studied．However,the charge in the circuits is discrete．this fact is seldom considered．A whole quantum theory about the mesoscopic circuits should consider the discreteness 0f血e charge．In recent years，the whole quantum theory and its application in mesoscopic circuits is setting up．In the framework of a whole quantum theory, the quantum effects in mesoscopic circuits is studied． Based on the fundamcutal fact that the dlarge takes discreteness ValUe in the mesoscopic circuits．The quantization of a RLC mesoscopic eircuit and RLC mesoscopic circuit with a source are performed respectively,With a unitary transformation，the finite．differenced Schrodinger equation becomes the standard Mathieu equation，then the energY spectrum and the wave functions of the systern are obtained．Using the WKBJ method，the averagc Of currents and square of the current are calculated，the results show the existence of the current fluctuation，which cause the noise in the circuits． Thc quantization of mesoscopic cir