介观电路量子特性研究-理论物理专业论文.docxVIP

介观电路量子特性研究摘 介观电路量子特性研究 摘 要 本文首先鉴于电荷的量子化特征，初步解释和探讨了介观电路中的单电子隧 道贯穿过程和库仑阻塞效应，并着重研究了发生在介观互感耦合电路中的单电子 隧道效应和库仑阻塞现象。 接着在介观电路已有的量子化理论的基础上，进一步研究了介观电容器件存 在的量子特性——电容的弱耦合效应，即考虑到由于介观电容两极板间距很小 (约为几个纳米)，故通过电容两极板的电子波函数在两极板间有可能存在相位 相干，导致在电容两极板间的电子波函数发生弱耦合现象。基于此，提出了以电 子波函数在电容两极板间的相位差为变量的电容耦合能。此时，体系的能量不仅 包括电路的电磁能，还包括了电容的耦合能。研究结果表明：由于电容的耦合效 应的影响，在绝对零温度下介观电路体系将由初始的量子态演化到压缩态。并研 究了电容耦合能取不同近似条件时的体系的时间演化量子态及电荷和磁通在时 间演化态下的量予涨落。同时也研究了介观电路中隧穿电流的量子特性。 接着又考虑到任何介观电路总是工作在一定耗散和温度环境下，本文分别讨 论了由于电容弱耦合效应的存在，对耗散介观RLC电路在真空态下的量子效应 和有限温度场中介观LC电路在热克尔态下的量子效应的影响。 最后考虑到非线性元件在介观电路中的作用，我们研究了电路中存在非线性 二极管时介观LC电路的量子效应。 关键词：介观电路单电子隧道效应 电容耦合能压缩态量子涨落 介观电路量子特性研究Studies 介观电路量子特性研究 Studies About The Quantum Characteristics of Mesoscopic Electric Circuit Abstract Firstiy, cOilsidering the charge’s quantum character’this paper demonstrated the single electron tunnel process throu．gh a mesoscopic capacitor and studied the COUlomb blockade effects in a mesoscopic electric circuit．Then we mainly investigated the single electron tunnei process and the coulomb blockade phenomenon in the mutual inductance circuit． Secondly,based on the existing quantum theories．we more studied the quantum character of the mesoscopic capacitor,i．e．the weak coupling effects． Because of the space between the two electrodes of a capacitor is very small(it’S about several urn)。then a weak eoupfing can be produced through the proximity effect of the normal metal electrons of the two electrodes of a mesoscopic capacitor．We think about the coupHng effects of it’and bring fogward the coupling energy that it is也e function of the phase di仃ercnce as the charge tunneltug thrangh the mesoscopie capacitor．Then we find that the ener。gY of the system comprise not only the electromagnetic energY,but also the capacitor’s coupling energy．The results show that：At absolute zero temperature the mesoscopic circuit system will evolye into squeezed state from the first quantum state with the influence of the coupling effects of the capacitor．We also galculated the quantu