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1
Introduction
The nation’s aquatic resources are among its most valuable assets. While
environmental protection programs in the United States have successfully
improved water quality during the past 25 years, many challenges still remain.
Although significant strides have been made in reducing the impacts of discrete
pollutant sources, aquatic ecosystems remain impaired, primarily due to com-
plex pollution problems caused by nonpoint source (NPS) pollution. Agriculture is listed
as a source of
The most recent national water quality inventory shows that, as of 2000, 39% of
assessed stream miles, 45% of assessed lake acres, and 51% of assessed estuary pollution for 48% of
acres are impaired. The leading causes of impairment are nutrients, siltation, the impaired river
metals, and pathogens. State inventories indicate that agriculture, including crop miles reported in the
United States.
production, animal operations, pastures, and rangeland, impacts 18% of the total
river and stream miles assessed, or 48% of the river and streams identified as
impaired (EPA, 2002).
The Purpose and Scope of this Guidance
This guidance document is intended to provide technical information to state
program managers and others on the best available, economically achievable
means of reducing NPS pollution of surface and ground water from agriculture.
The guidance provides background information about agricultural NPS pollu-
tion, where it comes from and how it enters the nation’s waters, discusses the
broad concept of assessing and addressing water quality problems on a
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