ch10 The z-Transform Z变换.ppt

Chapter 10 The Z-Transform z-transform is the discrete-time counterpart of the Laplace transform, however, they have some important distinctions that arise from the fundamental differences between continuous-time and discrete-time signals and systems. z-transform expand the application in which Fourier analysis can be used. 10.1 The z-Transform 10.7 Analysis and Characterization of LTI Systems Using z-Transform h[n] H(z) System function Transfer function impulse response Frequency response 10.7.1 Causality A discrete-time LTI system is causal if and only if the ROC of system function is the exterior of a circle, including infinity. A discrete-time LTI system with rational system function H(z) is causal if and only if: (a) The ROC is the exterior of a circle outside the outermost pole; (b) The order of the numerator cannot be greater than the order of the denominator. In time domain For a causal LTI system, the impulse response is zero for n<0 and thus is right sided. In z-domain 10.7.2 Stability The stability of a discrete-time LTI system is equivalent to its impulse response being absolutely summable An LTI system is stable if and only if the ROC of its system function H(z) includes the unit circle, |z| = 1. In time domain In z-domain stable h[n] absolutely summable h[n] has FT ROC of h[n] ’s ZT contains unit circle A causal LTI system with rational system function H(z) is stable if and only if all of the poles of H(z) lie inside the unit circle ― i.e., they must all have magnitude smaller than 1. 具有有理的系统函数H(z)的因果系统： 系统稳定的充要条件为系统函数H(z)的极点全部在单位圆内 We can conclude that the system is not causal, because the numerator of H(z) is of higher order than the denominator. Example 10.20 Consider a system with system function whose algebraic expression is In fact From the inverse transform of z is δ[n+1], we can conclude this system is noncausal. Example 10.21 Consider a system with system function We can conclude that the system is causal. H(z) is r