研究生U3 revision.pptVIP

Unit 3revision of   How was “neurosis” introduced in rats in Pro. Maier’s experiments? Trained to jump…two doors/right…hold fast/left … open…food Changed situation: food…the other door…right/fail to figure out…not knowing whether…food…bump…gives up…refused …prefer to starve Forced to…settle down to a …reaction (still to the left) Under greater compulsion, they would …convulsions/even ceasing to care …happens…and a nervous breakdown. Part One (par.1-2) Experiments conducted by Maier show that “___” induced in experimental rats is caused by their ___ to their insoluble problems. Neurosis; fixated reaction Part Two (3-8) Governed by a fixated reaction to their problems, human beings, when disturbed, go through pretty much the same stages as the rats. This behavioral pattern recurs throughout human life from the small tragedies of a home to the world-shaking tragedies among nations. Part Three (9-10) The difference between a rat’s problems and those of a human together with the similarity in their reaction to the problems reveal that man is functioning at less than their full capacity, since a rat’s power of abstraction is limited while that of man is not. Text Summary Experiments and studies performed by Pro. Maier have revealed a striking ___between the rats and man in their fixated reaction to the ___ problems they meet. However, the difference in the nature of their problems and the difference in the power of their ___ make us wonder how these fixations occur in human beings. Similarity; insoluble insoluble; abstraction 在研究的后期出现了似乎无法解决的新问题。 At a later stage of the research there arose new problems ___. which seemed insoluble 进行了一系列可诱导鼠产生“神经官能症”的实验(Par. One) perform ____ of experiments ____ “neurosis” is ____ rats a series ; in which; induced in 他有神经病还是什么的? Is he neurotic (a lunatic) or something ? 药物引起的昏迷状态 a drug-induced coma 引产/人工流产/诱发突变 induced labor/abortion/mutation 引起神经系统的不良变化 induce undesirable changes in the nervous system 手术有可能引起心脏病