人教版高二英语修五Unit 1 Learning about Language.ppt

Unit 1 Great scientists Learning about Language 过去分词作定语、表语 历年高考对过去分词作定语或表语都有考查。前者以综合考查作定语的非谓语动词之间的辨析的形式设题；后者则以考查系表结构的用法的形式设题。学习时要特别注意分词所表示的动作与逻辑主语之间的关系。 用所给词的适当形式填空, 并总结所填形式在句中的功能 ①But he became ________ (inspire)when he thought about helping ordinary people _______ (expose)to cholera. ②So many thousands of ________ (terrify)people died every time there was an outbreak. ③He became _________ (interest)in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. inspired exposed terrified interested ④From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the _______ (affect) person died. ⑤He was __________ (determine) to find out why. ⑥He found that it came from the river ________ (pollute) by the dirty water from London. ⑦He immediately told the __________ (astonish) people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. affected determined polluted astonished ⑧With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that ________ (pollute) water carried the virus. 结论: 动词的过去分词在句中作定语(_____定语②④⑦⑧/后置定语①⑥)、_____(①③⑤)。 polluted 前置 表语 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。从语法功能分析, 过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性, 可在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。过去分词所表示的动作通常与其逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系, 表示被动和完成。下面学习过去分词在句中作定语和表语。 一、过去分词作定语 1. 过去分词作定语时, 其语法功能相当于一个定语从句。 ﹡At that time, such thing was a forbidden topic to be talked about(=a topic which was forbidden to be talked about). 那时, 这样的事情是一个被禁止谈论的话题。 2. 过去分词作定语时的位置。 (1)一般情况下, 单个过去分词作前置定语, 即放在所修饰词之前。有时为了表示强调, 也可放在所修饰词之后。 ﹡Many used cars will be sold in this market. (前置定语)很多二手车将在这个市场出售。 ﹡In many countries, words spoken are different from words written. (后置定语) 在很多国家, 口头用语与书面用语有区别。 (2)过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语, 即放在所修饰词之后。 ﹡Last Tuesday in a mountainous area, there were a total of 173 sheep killed almost immediately(=which were killed almost immediately) when lightning struck. (后置定语)上周二在一个山区, 当雷击发生时有173只羊即刻被雷电击死。 ﹡This is the soldier w