课件：行为与健康.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * In some ways, the ecological model is the same as the original public health model. Agent=any substance, action or behavior that can cause physical, interpersonal, emotional, cognitive, spiritual, social or economic harm to people and/or the systems they create. Host = An individual or system (such as organizations, groups, communitites, or cultures) that is vulnerable to the harmful effects of the agent. Environment = Settings in which hosts and/or agents are found. Includes physical elements, territorial boundaries, social, cultural, political, and economic climates, elements of influence and its functional purpose. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Promoting self-control Self-Instruction - Using self-talk to guide and focus behavior. Self-Monitoring - Observing and measuring (keeping track) ones own behavior. Self-Reinforcement Punishment - When a person reinforces or punishes themselves (often as effective as external Rf Pn). Self-Imposed Stimulus Control - Creating or selecting environments that promote a desired behavior or diminishes an undesired behavior Example:Jeanne desires to study more, so she sets about to change her own behavior (self-control). She examines her own behavior for a week and determines that she only studies 30 minutes a day, usually late at night (self-observation). She decides to study an hour a night(goal setting), and to reinforce herself with ice cream when she does (self-reinforcement self-monitoring) and punish herself by eliminating phone time with her boyfriend when she does not (self-punishment self-monitoring). Jeanne knows that she tends not to study at home, so she decides to go to the library each night to study (self-imposed stimulus control). Jeanne reminds herself of her commitment to study each day as she drives home from school (self-instruction). SLT