国际贸易理论和实务双语教程第二章 国际贸易措施.ppt

Company Logo 1. General Introduction of Non-Tariff Barriers非关税壁垒概述 　　Non-tariff barriers, means all kinds of measures in restriction of import without using tariff. Under WTO system, non-tariff barriers are including anti-dumping, countervailing, import quota, auto export restriction, technical trade barrier and protection etc.. 　　Non-tariff barriers and tariff barriers both have the function of restraining import. However, comparing with tariff barriers, non-tariff barriers have the characteristics as follows: Company Logo 1.1 Being more flexible and well-targeted灵活性和针对性 Generally speaking, the establishment, adjustment and revision of tariff need to get through some complicated legal procedures , being required to be in continuity, as well as being restricted with MFN treatment clauses, so it is not so easy and free to make change and adjustment on tariff rates. Comparing to it, the measures of non-tariff barriers may be adopted and implemented more rapidly. With more simple administrative procedures, the measures to restrict the import of a commodity from a country can be taken and adjusted more rapidly. Company Logo 1.2 Being more effective有效性 　　Tariff are usually implemented in order to raise the cost and price of imported commodities and weaken their competition, accomplishing the restriction of import indirectly. However, tariff hardly restraint the import in case that export country cut down the cost and price of commodities by means of export subsidy, dumping etc.. 　　But some non-tariff barriers such as import quota, import license can restrict import definitely which cannot be get round by exporters. Company Logo 1.3 Being more concealing and discriminatory 隐蔽性和歧视性 Generally, tariff rates will be promulgated in legal form after being determined, and implemented legally. On the contrary, some non-tariff barriers will not be publicized or set complicated standards and procedures so as to exporter hardly deal with it. As far as the techni